Page:Archæologia Americana—volume 2, 1836.djvu/297

 APP. NO. I.] GRAMMATICAL NOTICES. ARAUCANIAN. 261 ative into an infinitive ; eluduamn, 1 1 wish to give ' ; quimelun, 'I am able to give.' Active participle formed by changing the final n of every tense of the indicative into lu ; elulu, ' he who gives ' ; elunolu, ( he who does not give ' ; eluvulu, ' he who gave,' &c. By ad- ding chi (eluluchi, or eluchi,) they become adjectives ; v. g. quimn, ' to know ' ; quimlu, ' knowing ' ; quimchiche, ' a wise man.' Passive participle, by changing the n into el and prefixing the possessive pronoun of the agent ; ni eluel, ' that which I give '; mi eluvuel, ' that which thou didst give.' The particle el is properly that of the passive participle, and supplies the place of future infinitive and future active participle ; as, layalu neghimi, morituri nascimini, (from Ian, morir, c to die,') ayu Ian mi elual, no quiero el que des ; ayun, querir, (' to wish.') The gerund de accusativo, (' in order to') is formed (ren- dered) by changing into um or el the final n of the two futures and of the two mixed tenses of the indicative, (dropping the u and the e when formed from the future) ; and the gerund de ablativo, (the Spanish andos and habiendos,) by converting into um the final n of the four primary tenses of the indicative, (add- ing the termination mo for the habiendos) ; and prefixing, in every case, the possessive acting pronoun : v. g. tani eluam, ' para dar yo ' ; tami elual, ' para que tu des '; tami eluavuel, c para que tu dieras ' ; tani elum, ' when thou givest ' ; tami eluvuum, ' when thou didst give ' ; ni eluum mo, i having given.' Either of those four terminations of the infinitive, the two participles and gerund, may with propriety be substituted for another. Those equivalents are in perpetual use ; and they cor- respond to many Spanish ways of speaking, such as being, hav- ing, when, why, least, &ic. A great many examples are given, but no rules. Inche elulu, or, inche ni eluel, ' in (my) giving '; tani eluel mo, tani elun mo, ' having given, in order to have giv- en ' ; mi umaughtuvuyum,, or, mi umavghtuvnel, ' whilst you slept '; niullcuel meu, ni ullcuum men, ' having vexed me '; cuda- valu eymi, tami cudallael, ' instead of thy working ' ; ni layan mo, ni layael, layalu inche, layali, (moriturus), ' when on the point of death.' The passive form converts the final n of the active into gen, which is the verb sum, es. The passive is then conjugated like the active voice : elugen, 1 1 am given ' ; elugeymi, < thou wast given/ &tc.