Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 7).djvu/96

70 of two jurists of reputed an umpire, the latter to be appointed by tlie king of Sweden in case the arbitrators should not agree upon one. All other claims, except those involving territory, were to go first before such a tribunal, but in case the decision should not be unanimous it was to be reviewed before a similar tribunal of five. Boundary ques- tions were to go to a special court of six members — three U. S. judges and three British judges. The treaty was to continue in force for five years, and thereafter until twelve months after either of the contracting parties should give notice to the other of a desire to terminate it.

On 1 Feb. the foreign relations committee of the senate reported favorably on this treaty with amendments that were regarded by the friends of the treaty as making it practically of no effect. Even in this form the treaty, on 5 May, failed to receive the two-thirds majority necessary for con- firmation, the vote being 43 to 26. It was generally believed that personal hostility to Mr. Cleveland had much to do with the rejection. There had been for some time a feeling in the senate that the president and his secretary of state had not de- ferred sufficiently to the rights of that body in matters of foreign policy. Mr. Olney's statement in the Cuban matter, noticed above, had much to do with strengthening this feeling, and although the secretary's position in this matter was gener- ally sustained by constitutional lawyers it doubt- less had its effect in still further estranging many senators from the administration. Another differ- ence of opinion of the same kind occurred in the case of certain extradition treaties negotiated by Secretary Olney with the Argentine Republic and the Orange Free State. In these treaties, by the president s desire, as was understood, a clause was incorporated providing for the surrender of Amer- ican citizens to the authorities of a foreign coun- try provided such citizens have been guilty of crime within the jurisdiction of the country that demands their return. This was intended to pre- vent this country from becoming an asylum for European criminals, who had been granted natu- ralization papers here and who should attempt to make their naturalization protect them from the consequences of their past criminal acts. But this plan has never been adopted by any other country, and the attempt to cause the United States to in- itiate it was not in accordance with public opinion. On 28 Jan., 1897, the senate ratified both treaties, but with amendments conferring discretionary power on the surrendering government in the mat- ter of giving up its own citizens.

As the time for the meeting of the national democratic convention of 1896 drew nigh it be- came apparent that the advocates of the free coin- age of silver would have a majority of the dele- gates. On 16 June Mr. Cleveland, in a published letter, condemned the free-silver movement, and called upon its opponents to do all in their power to defeat it. The convention was clearly opposed to Mr. Cleveland. Its platform was in effect a condemnation of his policy in the matters of the currency, the preservation of jiublic order, civil- service reform, and Cuban policy. It declared for the free coinage of silver and nominated a pro- nounced free-silver advocate. In the canvass that followed Mr. Cleveland was favorable to the gold- standard wing of the party, which under the name of the national democrats held a separate convention and nominated Senator Palmer for the jiresidency. One of the president's last official acts was his appearance at the sesquicentennial celebration of Princeton university, where he delivered an address that was widely praised. Soon afterward it was announced that he had purchased a house in the town of Princeton, and after the inauguration of his successor he removed thither with his family. There his son was born, 28 Oct., 1897. The picture on page 64 represents Mr. Cleveland's summer home at Buzzard's Bay, Mass.

Mr. Cleveland is as distinguished for forcible speech as for forcible action. His many addresses, both while in and out of office, are marked by clear- ness of thought and directness of expression, which, with his courage and ability, have always appealed to the best sentiments of the people, and have formed and led a healthy public opinion. He is notable for being the first public man in the United States to be nominated for the presidency thrice in succession. Equally remarkable is the fact that he has received this recognition although often at vari- ance with his own party. His final withdrawal from public office was marked, as has been already said, by a general estrangement between him and' many of those who had been once his followers, and de- spite this the popular feeling toward him through- out the country continued to be one of respect and esteem. Several campaign lives of Mr. Cleveland appeared during his three presidential contests. See also " President Cleveland," by J. Lowry Whit- tle, in the " Public Men of the Day " series (1896). President Cleveland married, in "the White House (see illustration, page 62), on 2 June, 1886, Frances Folsom, daughter of his deceased friend and part- --a-^*. ner, Oscar Fol- som, of the Buf- falo bar. Except the wife.of Madi- son, Mrs. Cleve- land is the young- est of the many mistresses of the White House, having been bom in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1864. She is also the first wife of a president married in the White House, and the first to give birth to a child there, their second daughter having been bom in the executive mansion in 1893. — His youngest sister. Rose Elizabeth, b. in Favetteville, N. Y., in 1846, removed in 1853 to Holland Patent, N. Y., where her father was settled as pastor of the Pres- byterian church, and where he died the same year. She was educated at Houghton seminary, became a teacher in that school, and later assumed charge of the collegiate institute in Lafayette, Ind. She taught for a time in a private school in Pennsyl- vania, and then prepared a course of historical lectures, which she delivered before the students of Houghton seminary and in other schools. When not employed in this manner, she devoted herself to her aged mother in the homestead at Holland Patent, N. Y., until her mother's death in 1882. On the inauguration of the president she became the mistress of the White House, and after her brother's marriage she associated herself as part owner and instructor in an established institution in New York city. Miss Cleveland has published a volume of lectures and essays under the title " George Eliot's Poetry, and other Studies " (New York, 1885), and " The Long Run," a novel (1886).