Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 7).djvu/81

Rh CHAPMAN, Edwin Nesbit, physician, b. in RiiifreneM. Conn.. 26 Fel).. 1819; d. in Brooklyn, X. Y.. 2 March. 1888. After graduation at Yale in 1842, and at Jefferson nietiical college, Philadel- phia, in l.S4.">, he practised his profession in Brook- lyn. He was elected professor of therapeutics and materia medica in Long Island college hospital in 186t»-'3. and in 1863-'7 was professor of obstetrics and discn-ses of women and children. Dr. Chap- man juiblishcil two valuable works, a "Treatise on llysterology" (New York, 1867) and "An- tagonism of -Ucoliol ami Diphtheria" (1878).

CHARNAY, Désiré, explorer, b. in Fleurie, France. 2 May, 1828. lie was educated at the College Charlemagne, and has been sent by the French government on many scientific explora- tions, including one in 1880 to Central America, which was aided by the generosity of Pierre Loril- lard. He is the author of " Cites et mines ameri- caines"(Paris, 1861); " Le Mexique " (1862); " Kx- plnralio au Mexique et Amerique du Centre" (ISWi); "Les anciennes villes du nouvcau monde" (1883): and "Une princess indienne avant la con- qucte" (1888). "The Ancient Cities of the New- World" wa.s translated by Mrs. Gonino and Mrs. Helen .S. Conaiit. with an introductory chapter by Allen Thomdike Ui<c (New York, 1887). IHATARU. Kn-derlfk, naval officer, b. in Baltimore, .Md.. in 1807; d. in St. Louis, Mo.. 8 Oct.. 1897. He entennl the U. S. navy as a mid- shipman in 1824, and became a commander in 185.5. .Six years later he resigned to enter the Confederate navy, with the rank of commander, and at the time of his death was the oldest sur- viving officer of that navy, in which he saw sev- eral vears of a<tive st-rvice. lie wa.* a member of a well-known Maryland family, being a brother of Dr. Francis Chatard and an uncle of Bishop Cha- tard of the Catholic dJK'osc of Vinccnnes. Ind.

'''CHATFIKLD-TAYLOR. Hobart Chatnpld''', author, b. in Chicago. 24 .March. 1865. He was graduatetl from Cornell in lSf<«. in 1888 became the editor of "America," and three years later was the I^onilon corrosjH indent of the Chicago "Daily News." In IWW he was ctmsul for Spain in his native citv.and for services rendered to that country during the World's Columbian cx|)osition he wa.s dei-orated by the queen regent with the order of 1sal>ella the Catholic. He has contrib- uted to the "North American "and other maga- ?ines, and is the author of "With I'^lge Tools" (Chicago. 1891); "An .American Peeress" (189.3); "Two Women and a Fool" (180.5); "The Land of the Castanet" (18!»6) — last three reprinted in Lonilon ; and " The Yic« of Fwls" (1897).

CHAUVIN, Jean (sho-vang). French navigator, b. in Normandy, France, about 1.540 ; d. in France in UMW.' When Manpiis de la Koche rctumtHl in disgrace from his Canadian expedi- tion in 1.598, Chauvin obtained from Henri IV. the exclusive privileges of the fur-trade in New France, with all the prerogatives that had been conferred on La KiK'hc am! the title of 2d lieu- tenant-general of Canada. With several fully e ed vessels he sailed down St. Lawrence river, and when about 86 miles from its mouth laniling at Cadansac, where the Indians were in the habit of coming to sell their furs, and estaidishcd a flourishing traile with them. He returned to France in 1602. leaving a party of emigrants lie- hind, nearly all of whom perished of famine. Chauvin had planned the establishment of a fixed commerce in furs l>etwecn France and Canada, ami was preiiaring to make a third voyage in the spring uf 1603, when he died,

CHAFYIN, Pierre, sieur de Tonnetuit, Nor- man military and naval commander and mer- chant, b. at Dieppe. France, in the 15th century; d. at Honfleur in 1603. In 1.5«9 he commanded a company of Calvinists in the defence of Honfleur, and later took part in the campaign of Henry IV. in the Canx. Associated with him were De Monts and De Chasles, who afterward became prominent with himself in the efforts for colonizing Canada made in the beginning of the 17th century. In 1599 Chauvin, having previously made voyages to the Newfoundlaml fisheries, received a roval commission to fit out an expedition for Canaila. The voyage was matle in the spring of 1600 with a fleet of four shifts, and anchore*! at the month of the Saguenay. Chauvin was as.sociated with Du- pont-Gravf (usually called Pontgrave) in the en- terprise which had for its main object as far as they were concerneil the colle<tion of furs. They received a niono|)oly of the fur-trade on condition that they should establish a colony of 400 persons. They loaded their ships with furs at Tailoussac, and .sailed for France, leaving at the former place sixteen of the crew to Itegin a settlement. In 1601 Chauvin sent out the " Esi)erancc." and in April. 1602, saileii himself with two ships to Ta<loussac, whence after a stay of four months he returned to France. His colonial projects failed, and the only trace of his visits to Canada discoverable when Champlain landed there was a wooden building which he erected.

CHE(iARAY. Eloise DeHabare, educator, b. in Paris. France. 1 Feb., 1792; d. in New York city. 22 Jan.. 1889. She was <lescended from the Huguenot family of D'Amljerbas, which went to .San Domingo on the revocation of the edict of Nantes. Her father, M. Desabaye, deprived of his estate by the revolution of 1797, removed to the Unitwl .States, and the daughter was e<lucated in New Brunswick. N. J. In 1814 she established a school in New York, in Greenwich street, ami sul)- sequentlr she removed it successively to North Moore street. St. John's square. Fifteenth street, and Madison avenue. The school was one of the l)est known in the country, and numbered many well-known (leople among its pupils. After her retirement from its management Mme. Chegaray, as she wa.s called, having married a Fnmchman of that name. Iive«l for some time in Philadelphia and New Brunswick, N. .1.. but she returned to New York two vears before her death.

CHENEY, Benjamin Pierce, expressman, b. in HillslKiro'. N. II.. 12 Aug.. 1815; d. in Welles- ley. Mass.. 23 Jniu>. 18!l.5. lie received a com- mon.«chool e<lucation, became a stage-driver, and subsefpiently manager of the line. In 1842 he es- tablished, with two others. Cheney & Co.'s Boston and Montreal express. A few years later he formed the Cnited States and Canada exjircss company, of which he was the president. In 1881 it was incorporated with Adams express, of which Mr. Chenev was trea-surer and the largest stfickholder. He left an estate estimated at li!9,00,(K)0, bequeath- ing handsome sums to various Boston charities, and having previously presented his native state with the bronze statue of Daniel Webster at Concord.

'''CHENEY. Person Colby''', senator, b. in llold- emess (now .Ashland). N. H.. 25 Feb.. 1828. After an academic education he became a pajier manu- facturer in Pelerboro. and later in Manchester. He served for a year as lieutenant in the civil war, and when compelled by illness to resign he sup- jilied a three years" substitute. He was governor of New Hampshire in 1875-'6. and U. S. senator for short term of the 49th congress, to fill the un-