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36 in his profession. He became mayor of Baltimore in 1860, having been elected on a reform ticket, and was instrumental in restoring the peace of the city during the riots that occurred at the begin- ning of the civil war, marching at the head of the Massachusetts troops on 19 April, 1861, through the streets to quell the disturbances on that day. He was a member of the Maryland constitutional convention in 1867, was elected chief judge of the supreme court of Baltimore city in 1873, and served till his retirement in October, 1888. For many years he was professor of international and constitutional law in the Univei-sity of Maryland. Judge ISrown published, with William H. Norris and Frederick W. Brown, " Digest of the Jlary- land Reports" (Baltimore, 1847); "The Origin and Growth of Civil Liberty in Maryland," an ad- dress before the Maryland historical society (1850) ; "The Old World and the New," an address (New York, 1851) ; " The Relation of the Legal Profes- sion to Society," a lecture (Baltimore, 1868); "The Need of a Higher Standard of Education in the United States," an addre.ss (1869) ; an -'Ad- dress to the Medical Graduates of the University of Maryland" (1873); "Sketch of the Life of Thomas Donaldson " (1881); and "Baltimore and the 19 .Vnril, 1861 "(1887).

BROWN, James Allen, theologian, b. in Dru^ more township, Lancaster co., Pa., 19 Feb., 1821 ; d. in Lancaster, Pa., 19 June, 1883. He entered the senior class in Pennsylvania college, Gettysburg, where he was graduated in 1842, taught in Leiters- burg. New Windsor, and Darlington, Md., in 1843- '5, and on 19 Oct. of the latter year was licensed to preach by the Lutheran synod of Maryland. He was pastor of churches in Baltimore, Md., and York and Reading, Pa., till February, 1859, when he assumed the professorship of theology and ancient languages in Newberry college. South Carolina, of which in 1860 he was elected presi- dent. Upon the opening of the civil war he resigned and returned to Pennsylvania, where he was ap- pointed chaplain of the 87th regiment of volunteeers and, after fifteen months' service, chaplain of the U. S. army hospital at York, Pa. In August, 1864, he accepted the professorship of didactic theology and the chairmanship of the faculty in the theo- logical seminary of the general synod at Gettys- burg, which position he held until 9 Dec, 1879, when he was suddenly stricken down with paraly- sis, which deprived him of the power of speech and the use of his right arm. His resignation, tendered in June, 1880, was not accepted by the board of directors until 1881. In September of the same year he removed with his family to Lancaster, Pa., where he spent the remainder of his life in retirement. He received the degree of I). D. from Pennsylvania college in 1859, and that of LL. D. from the university at Wooster, Ohio, in 1879. He was one of the chief spirits in the general synod, and its oresident in 1806, when the separation oc- curred that resulted in the formation of the general council of the Lutheran church in North America. During the years 1870-80 he was first joint editor, then sole editor of the " Lutheran Quarterly," in which appeared many of his best literary and theological productions. Among his review ar- ticles are "Conversion of the World to Christ," " Angelology." " The Augsburg Confession and Second Coming of Christ," " Gladstone . on the Vatican Decree," and "A Question (Jonoerning the Augsburg Confession." Many of these ap- peared in namphlct form.

BROWN, Joseph Henry, manufacturer, b. in Glamorganshire, Wales, 34 July, 1810; d. in Youngstown, Ohio, 17 Nov., 1886. He accompanied his father to this country in 1820, became an iron- worker, and after several years of successful busi- ness in Pennsylvania removed to Youngstown, Ohio, in 1854, and became president of an iron manufac- turing comi)any. In 1874-'81 he was president of the Joseph II. Brown iron and steel company, of Chicago. He then retired from active pursuits, and resided at Youngstown until his death. He invented the first method of cutting nail plate. Mr. Brown was identified with the early history of Youngstown, and one of the founders of the iron plant in that city. From its establishment till 1881 he was president of the National tariff league of America, and active in its work.

BROWNE, John Mills, surgeon, b. in Hinsdale, N. H., 10 May, 1831 ; d. in Washington, D. C, 7 Dec, 1894. He was graduated at Harvard in jMareh, 1853, and entered the U. S. navy as an assistant sur- geon, 36 March, 1853. In 1855-"6 he participated in the Indian war on Puget sound, and subse- quently he took part in the survey of the north- west boundary. He became a passed assistant sur- geon, 13 May, 1858, served in the brig " Dolphin," suppressing the slave-trade on the west coast of Africa in 1858, and in October of that year joined the Paraguay expedition. He was commissioned a surgeon, 19 June, 1861, and attached to the steamer "Kearsarge" until 9 Dec, 1864, participating in the engagement with the Confederate cruiser " Ala- bama." He served at the Mare island navy-yard from 1869 till 1871, during which time he superin- tended the erection of the naval hospital there. He was commissioned as medical inspector. 1 Dec. 1871, and was fleet-surgeon of the Pacific fleet in 1873-'6. He served at the naval hospital at Mare island, Cal., in 1876-'80, was commissioned a medi- cal director. 6 Oct., 1878, and was a member of the examining board at Washington from 2 July. 1880, to 20 Oct., 1883, when he took charge of the Muse- um of hygiene until 1 July. 1886, after which he was again appointed a member of the examining and retiring board. On 37 Jlarch, 1888. he was appointed chief of the bureau of medicine and surgery and surgeon-general of the navy.

BROWNE, Wilson Northrop, banker, b. in Albany, N. Y., in 1805: d. in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1857. He was educated in his native city, but when still young went to New York and engaged in business ; subsequently settled in Cincinnati, where he was one of the first to engage in [irivate banking. Although at that time not at all in symjiathy with the anti-slavery movement, he dis- suaded a pro-slavery mob from sacking the resi- dence of James G. Birney. who had fled from the city to avoid its fury. He was a Whig manager until within a few years of the death of his friend Henry Clay, and afterward became one of the earliest memliers of the Republican party. While never connected professionally with the press, he was during the greater part of his life a regular contributor to it. and was considered an authority in southern Ohio on political subjects and election statistics. He was the first writer of " money articles" in newspapers west of the AUeghanies. — His son, Junius Henri, journalist, b. in Seneca Falls, N.Y., 140ct., 1833. was graduated at St.Xavier college, Cincinnati. He was connected with the press of Cincinnati until 1861. when he removed to New York city and became war correspondent of the "Tribune." He was slightly wounded at Fort Donelson, and again on the Mississippi flotilla, was with the gunboat fleet and the western armies, iloing occasional staff duty, until 3 May. 1863, when he volunteered to accompany an expedition