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278 , '63, and '64. He has published " History of the City of Troy" (1876); "History of Lansing- burgh" (1877); "The Discoveries of America to the Year 1525" (1884); "History of the City of Albany" (1884); "Troy and its Vicinity" (1886); and " Representative Jlen of Troy " (1889).

WELCH, William Henry, physiologist, b. in Norfolk, Conn., 8 April, 1850. He was graduated at Yale in 1870, and at the College of physicians and surgeons of Columbia in 1875, after which he spent four years in studying in Bellevue hospital and in various foreign universities, mostly in Ger- many. In 1879 he became demonstrator of anato- my and professor of pathological anatomy in Bellevue hospital medical college, becoming also pathologist to Bellevue hospital and other New York hospitals. He was called in 1884 to the chair of pathology in the JohnsHopkinsuniversity.which chair he has since filled, as well as that of patholo- gist to the Johns Hopkins hospital, to which he was called in 1889. Dr. Welch was actively en- gaged in the organization and development of the medical departinent of the Johns Hopkins univer- sity, which was opened to students in 1893, and of which institution he has been tlie dean. He has been chosen an honorary member or fellow of various scientific societies in this country and abroad. He was president of the medical and chirurgieal faculty of Maryland, and in 1897 pre- sided over the congress of American physicians and surgeons held in Washington. The degree of LL. D. was conferred on him by Western Reserve university and by Yale. Among his numerous contributions to pathological and bacteriological literature are the descriptions of his researches on the pathology of oedema of the lungs ; organic disease of the stomach ; general pathology of fever ; bacteriology of surgical infections; Bacillus aero- genes capsulatiis ; 3Iicrococcns lanceolatus ; hog cholera and swine plague; autitoxine treatment of diphtheria ; and various other sul)Jeets, descrip- tions of which have been given to the public in contributions either to medical journals or to spe- cial works. The following ad<lresses have also been delivered i)y him : "Some of the Advantages of the Union of Medical School and University" (Yale university) ; " Pathology in its Relations to General Biology " (University of Toronto) : " High- er Medical Education and the Need of its Endow- ment " (Western Reserve university) ; " The Evolu- tion of Modern Scientific Laboratories " (opening of the Pepper clinical laboratory, Philadelphia) ; and " Adaptation in Pathology " (address at the congress of American physicians and surgeons).

WELLINGTON, George Louis, senator, b. in Cnuiberland, Alleghany co., Md., 28 Jan., 1852. At the age of twelve he began work in a canal store in Cumberland. In 1870 he received the ap- pointment of clerk in the Second naticmal bank at Cumberland; a few years later he became teller. From 1882 until 1888, and again in 1890. he .served as treasurer of Alleghany county. He was a dele- gate to the national Republican conventions of 1884 and 1888, and an unsuccessful candidate for state comptroller in 1889. In July, 1890, President Harrison appointed him assistant treasurer of the United States at Baltimore. He was an unsnc- cessfnl cii'ididate for congress from the 6th con- gressional district in 1892, but was elected in 1894. He was elected to the U. S. senate for the term of six years, ending 3 March, 1903.

'''WELLMAN. Walter''', explorer, b. in Ohio about 1800. He engaged for a time in news- paper work in Chicago and in Washington. In 1894 he organized for arctic exploration a party including three other Americans and ten Nor- wegian sailors to advance northward by way of Spitzbergen. Attention was attracted to his ex- pedition by his plan of using aluminium boats. The party left Tromsoe, Norway, 1 May, in tlieir ship " Ragnvald Jarl," and reached Tal]le island, one of the seven-island group, 12 May. Ice com- pelled them to return to Walden island, where, 24 May, Wellman left the ship with thirteen men, forty dogs, and one hundred and ten days' provi- sions. A few days later the ship was crushed in the ice. Wellnum was notified of the disaster, re- turned, and then again went to the north. The expedition was unsuccessful, however, and on 17 Aug. the party was collected once more at Trom- soe. The alunnnium boats, though subjected to the hardest usage in the ice-packs, came through uninjured. Wellman returned and planned an- other expedition. In 1897 he had a conference with Fridtjof Nansen, and explained his plan as the establishing of a supply station at Cape Flora, then next year a second one farther north. His plans received the consent and approval of King Oscar. On 21 Dec, 1897, he bought at Tromsoe the " Laura." a vessel of about 150 tons. Later he secured in its place the " Fridtjof," He took with him James H. Gore, of Columbian university, who went to Franz Josef Land to make experiments on gravity by means of pendulum observations; An- dree M. Harlan, of the U. S. coast survey ; Edward Hofma. from Grand Ra|)ids, Mich. ; and E. B. Baldwin, of the U. S. weather bureau. The party sailed from New York, 10 May, 1898, for Bremen. On 26 June they left Tromsoe, Solombola on 5 July, and Vardoe on 16 July. Owing to a pain- ful accident Mr. Wellman returned from the arctic regions to New York in October, 1899.

WELSH, Herbert, reformer, b. in Philadel- phia, 4 Dec, 1851, is a son of the philanthropist John Welsh (q. v.), who was American minister to Great Britain, and was graduated at the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania in 1871. He studied art in his native city and in the studio of Bonnat, of Paris, and for a period practised his profession in Philadelphia. He was one of the organizers, in 1882, and has ever since been the secretary of the Indian rights association ; one of the leaders of the movement in 1890 against political corruption and boss-rule in Pennsylvania, resulting in the defeat of Delamater and the election of Pattison for governor ; president of the Civil reform associa- tion of Pennsylvania, an<l a member of the exe- cutive committee National civil service reform league. Since 1895 Mr. Welsh has been the editor and publisher of the " City and State." a weekly devoted to good government, and is well known as a lecturer on the Indian question, civil service re- form, and municipal government, and as contribu- tor to the magazines of articles on those topics. He is the author of " Degradation in Pennsylvania Polities," "Civilization among the Sioux Indians," " Four Weeks among some of the Sioux Tribes," "A Visit to the Navajo, Pueblo, and Hualpais In- dians," and many other pamphlets.

WENDELL, Barrett, author, b. in Boston, 23 Aug.. 1855. He is the sou of Jacob Wendell, a well- known New York merchant, and studied at Har- vard, where he was gi'aduided in 1877. The year following he received the appointment of instructor in English in Harvard ; was madeassistant professor in 1888,andprofessorof p:nglishinl898. Hispub- liciitions include "The Duchess Emilia" (Boston, 1885) ; " Rankell's Henuains " (1887) ; " English Composition." a series of lectures delivered at the Lowell institute, Boston, in 1890 (New York, 1891);