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234 was a candidate for the house of commons, but was defeated. In 1872 he was appointed a queen's counsel, and in the following year was named 'udge of the superior court of (Quebec. Mr. {outhier is an extensive traveller, and has pub- lished several important works bearing upon his ex- periences and observations while abroad. His " Causeries du Uimanche," " Impressions de Voy- age," " Poesies," " Conferences et Discours," " Por- traits et Pastels litteraires," " A Travers I'Europe," " En Canot," and " Lcs grands Drames " are among his principal contributions to Canadian literature. Jle is a fellow of the Royal society of Canada, a knight commander of the order of St. Gregory the Great, and a LL. D. of Laval university, in which he holds a professorship of law. He fre- quently lectures on literary and social topics.

ROWAN, Andrew Summers, soldier, b. in Virginia in 1859. and appointed from West Vir- ginia to the military academy. He was graduated and appointed 3d lieutenant in the loth infantry, 11 June, 1881. He was advanced to 1st lieutenant in the 19th infantry, and was employed in the war department in the military information bureau when war was declared against Spain in April, 1898. The war department determined to send an agent to Gen. Garcia, of the Cuban in- surgent forces, to find out what co-operation might be expected from the insurgents in case of an invasion of Cuba. Lieut. Rowan was selected for this service. He went first to Jamaica, and on 23 April he left Kingston, drove to the northern coast of the island, and crossed to the Cuban coast in an open boat, with Cubans for guides, landing on the following morning in the district of Portillo. He made his way across Cuba to the village of Bayamo, where he met Gen. Garcia and delivered to him the despatches. He then went ou to the northern coast of the island in a com- pany headed by Gen. Enrique Collazo, with whom was his chief of staff. Col. Carlos Hernandez. In a small boat having a capacity of only 104 cubic feet, with five companions, he set sail for the island of Xew Providence. He landed at Xassau, and on the second day thereafter was off for Key West in the schooner "Fearless." He arrived at Key West on 14 May, then left by way of Tampa for Washington, where he reported to the secre- tary of war ami to (Jen. Miles. After receiving Lieut. Rowan's report. Gen. Miles recommended to the secretary of war that he be ma<le lieutenant- colonel in one of the regiments of imraunes.

ROY, Joseph Edward, Canadian author, b. at Levis, (Quebec, 7 Dec, 1858. He was edu- cated at the College of Levis, the seminary, and Laval university. In 1880 he was enrolled a notary, from 1879 to 1886 he was editor-in-chief of the Levis " yuotidien," and at various times contributed to tlie columns of the "Journal de (Quebec," "Courrier du Canada," "La Presse Re- vue Canadienne," and the " ('anada Franijais." Ho thrice offered his services to the electors for parliamentary honors, but failed to secure a ma- jority of votes. Three limes Levis elected him mayor by very large majorities. He is a fellow of the Royal society of Caiuida and officier d'Acade- mie (France). His published works include " Le Premier Colon de Levis " (1884) ; " Mgr. Deziel " (1885); "L'Ordre de Malte en Amerique" (1888); " Voyage au Pays de Tadoussac " (1889) ; " La Justice Seignouriale de Notre Dame desAnges" (1891) ; " Claude Hermen de la -Martiniere " ; " Let- tres du P. V. X. Duplessis;" " Le Uaron de La- hontan"; "Nicolas Le Roy et ses Descendants"; " Ilistoire de la Seigneurie de Lauzon," in lour volumes. He is at present engaged in writing a history of the notarial profession.

RUBLEE, Horace, editor, b. in Berkshire, Franklin co., Vt., 19 Aug., 1829; d. in Milwaukee, Wis., 19 Oct., 1896. In 1840 he removed with his parents to Sheboygan ; became, in 1852, a legisla- tive reporter of the Madison "Argus," and in 1853 took charge, editorially, of the "Journal" of that city. In 1856 he was appointed state librarian, and served as such about two years. He was chairman of the Republican state commillee for ten years, and was an active participant at the na- tional convention of his [larty in 1868. In 1869 he received the appointment of minister to Switzer- land, and served in that capacity until October, 1876, when he resigned, returned to Wisconsin, and from 1882 till he died at sixty-seven was chief editor of the " Milwaukee Sentinel."

RUGGLES, William Benjamin, educator, b. in Rath, Steuben Co., N. Y.. 14 May, 1827. He was graduated at Hamilton college in 1849, settletl in Georgia, and in 1854 established there the " Daily Intelligencer," the first daily newspaper in Atlanta. Returning to Bath, N. Y., he was a member of the assembly in 1876-'7, 1st deputy attorney-general of New York state in 1878-'81, was a member of the state senate in 1888, and the same year became state superintendent of public instruction, holding office three years, and resigning to become deputy superintendent and legal counsel of the New York state insurance department. He was a delegate to the national Democratic convention in 1876. Mr. Ruggles is a trustee of Cornell and the State idiot asylum, and chairman of the executive com- mittee of the New York state normal school. He has published several reports as superintendent of public instruction and educational addresses.

RUNYON, Theodore, lawyer, b. in Somerville. N. J., 25 Oct., 1822: d. in Berlin, 27 Jan.. 1896. He was educated at Yale, graduating in 1842, and was made M. A. by his alma mater in 1862 and LL. 1). in 1882. He studie.l law, and in 1846 was admitted to the bar in Newark. He gained a wide reputation in his profession, and by 1853 be- came city attorney of Newark, and in 18.56 was made city counsellor. During the latter year the governor of the state appointed him to codify the militia laws of the state, and in 1857 he was made a brigadier-general of militia. Subsequently he became major-general of the National guard of the state. When the civil war began he took com- mand of the 1st brigade of New Jersey volunteers, and with 3,000 men reached Washington on 6 May. 1861. Here he erected the first fortifications for the defence of the national capital, which, by order of the war department, were named in his honor "Fort Runyon." He was acting major- general of 13,500 troops stationed in and around Alexandria, which formed the 4th division of the Army of northeastern Virginia. When Gen. Mc- Dowell's army was returning in disorder to the Potomac, Runyon was ordered to prevent them from entering the national ea|iital, lest they should cause a panic, and for the effectual execution of these orders he received the thanks of the presi- dent, as well as a joint resolution of congratula- tions from the legislature of New Jersey. Dissat- isfaction in the army soon caused him to retire and resume his profession. He was elected mayor of Newark in 1863, and in 1865 was an unsuccess- ful candidate for governor of his state on the Democratic ticket. He served as chancellor of the state from 1873-'87, and in Slarch, 1893, President Cleveland appointed him minister to Germany. The following September he became LT. S. am-