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8 by the government, and a new company was formed, with Gen. Anderson as president. After passing through some financial difficulties, in 1876 he was appointed receiver of the works. The original com- Sany was again given possession in 1878, Gen. An- erson being active in its management till within a short period of his death.

ANDERSON, Samuel, engineer, b. in London, England, 15 Nov., 1839; d. in Scotland, 11 Sept., 1881. He was a surveyor on the eoinmission for marking the boundary line between British Columbia and the United States and chief astrono- mer under Major D. R. Cameron for defining 900 miles of the American frontier from the Lake of the Woods to the summit of the Rocky moun- tains. As a result of the labors of this commis- sion the whole boundary along the 49th parallel was marked by stone cairns or earthen mounds at intervals of three miles across the plains, and by iron pillars at intervals of one mile along the southern boundary of Manitoba for 18.5 miles. For this service Major Anderson was made a com- panion of the order of St. Michael and St. George m 1877. A memorial of him was erected in Rochester cathedral, England.

ANDERSON, Thomas McArthur, soldier, b. in Chillicothe, Ohio, 22 Jan.. 18o6. He was graduated from .St. Mary's college. Maryland, in ISo.'i. studied law at Cincinnati, and began practice in Newport, Ky. He entered the volunteers as a private in April, 1861, and a month later was appointed a lieutenant in regular army. He saw much service in the civil war and afterward, and in April. 1886, having been captain, major, and lieutenant-colonel, he became colonel of the 14th infantry. In the war with Spain he was ap|iointed brigadier-general of volunteers. May, 1898, major-general in August. and in March, 1899, he was commissioned briga- dier-general in the regular army. Gen. Anderson in the first expedition to the Philippine islands commanded a division, and in Jlay, 1899, he was assigned to the department of the Lakes, with head- quarters in Giiicago. He retires in June, 1900.

ANDRADE, José (an-dra-day), Venezuelan dip- lomat, b. in Merida, state of Los Andes, 6 May. 1838. He is a son of Gen. Jose Escolastico Andrade. He studied law in Colombia, became a member of the municipal council of Maraeaibo, and successively secretary and governor of the state of Zulia, repre- senting the same state in national house of repre- senlatives, and becoming speaker in 1888. lie re>- resented Venezuela at Washington during years 1889-'90 as commissioner in the United States and Venezuela claims commission, and later was a dele- gate to the Pan-American congress. In 1897 lie signed a treaty of arbitration between Great Britain and his country to settle Venezuela boundary dis- pute, and ill 1899 he was appointed minister to the court of St. James. — His lirother, Ignacio, presi- dent of Venezuela, b. in Merida. 31 July, 1839. He entered the military school, and in 1871 began ser- vice in the array, taking a command in the cam- paign of 1873. Later his native state made him repi-esentative to the national congress, and after- ward this state and that of Falcon elected him constitutional president. These two states after- ward elected him representative to congress. Be- fore this he had been api>ointed bv the president of the republic national delegate of the state of Lara, a post which he filled with political tact. In the following four years he abancioned polities, and devoted himself to the management of his property. He took part in the revolution of 1892 and when the loyalist army entered Caracas Gen. Crespo appointed him governor of that citv. Some time afterward the pre.sident placed Gen. Andrade in the ministry of public works. Soon after he was appointed president of the state of Miranda, the richest and largest in the republic. Later he was elected president of Venezuela, taking pos- session of the office in March, 1898. Gen. Andrade has travelled in Europe and the United States, and under his wise administration Venezuela has advanced greatly in prosperity.

ANDREWS, Elihu Benjamin, educator, b. in Hinsdale. N. II.. 10 Jan., 1844. He served through the civil war, losing an eye at Petersburg, was graduated from Brown in 1870, and from Newton theological seminary four years later. He was pastor of the First Baptist church of Beverly, Ma.ss., in 1874-'5. when he became president of Denison university. Ijater he held several pro- fessorships in Cornell and elsewhere until 18H9, when he was elected president of Brown. He re- signed from the university in 1898, and accepted the position of superintendent of the Chicago public schools. Dr. Andrews is the author of •' In- stitutes of General History" (Boston, 1887); " In- stitutes of Economics" (1892); "Brief Institutes of our Economical Historv" and "An Honest Dollar" (Hartford, 1894): "History of the United States" (2 vols.. New York. 1894); "Wealth and Moral Law" (Hartford. 1894); and "History of the Last (Quarter Centurv in the United States" (2 vols.. New York. 1896)."

ANGO, Jean, Norman merchant and naviga- tor, b. at Dieppe, France, about 1480 ; d. there in 15.51. Breard .says : " En 1506, coniraenc^nt avec les Normandes les expeditions authentiques, et ce sont les capitaines de la grande inaison des Ango qui ouvrent la scrie." Jean Denis's voyage of 1.506 was made in one of Ango's ships, and Aubert, in 1.508, was sent out by Ango. Verrazzano was subsidized by him. lie aided in fitting out the fleet of Fran- cis 1. against England, but, speculating too freely, became fliianciallv ruined and died of grief.

APPLETON, John, jurist, b. in New Ipswich, N. II., 12 July, 1804; d. in Bangor, Me., 7- Feb., 1891. After his graduation at Bowdoin college in 1822, he taught, studied law, was admitted to the bar, and in 1832 settled in Bangor, Me. He was reporter of decisions in 1841, in 18.52 wa.s appointed a justice of the state supreme court, and in 1862- '83 was chief justice. Bowdoin gave him the de- gree of LL. D. in 1860. Judge Applet on published two volumes of " Reports " (llallowcll. 1841) and "The Rules of Evidence. .Stated and Discussed" (Philadelphia, 1860). — His son. John Francis, sol- dier, b. in Bangor. Me.. 29 Aug., 1839: d. there, 31 Aug., 1871 ; was graduated at Bowdoin in 1860, and at the beginning of the civil war raiseil an<l commanded a company in the 12th JIaine volun- teers. He was commissioned colonel of the 81st U. S. colored troo|is, served in the department of the Gulf, and was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers on 13 March. 1865. Subsequently he studied law. was admitted to the bar of Maine, and appointed U. S. judge for the district of east- ern Texas, but declined the office.

'''ARCOS. José Brunnetti Gayoso de los Cobos''', duke of, Spanish diplomatist, b. in Madrid, 6 Feb., 1839. He is a representative of an ancient Spanish family which has long been prominent in the affairs of Spain, and which, because of its services to the church, is favored by certain perpetual immunities, such as exemption from the Friday flesh fast. etc. After he had studied at the University at Madrid, Brunetti took up the profession of the law. and secured his admission to the bar in 1862. In the year following he entered the diplomatic service.