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134 vately printed, New York, 1888) ; " Discovery of North America" (London, 1892); "Jolm Cabot, the Discoverer of North America" (1896); and "Diplomatic History of America" (1898). See " Henrv Ilarrisse : Biographical and Bibliograplii- <!al Sketch," by Adolph Growoll (New York, 1899), where is given a list of seventy-one of his biblio- graphical writings, of which the above may per- haps be deemed the most important.

HARTLEY, Jonathan Scott, sculptor, b. in Albany, N. Y., 23 Sept., 1845. He was educated at the Albany academy, and began his professional life as a worker in marble. Subsequently he went to England, where he passed three years, entered the Royal academy, and gained a silver medal in 1809. After residing for a year in Germany, he returned to the United States, and after another visit to Europe, when he went to Paris and Rome, he became a resident of New York. He is one of the original members of the Salmagundi sketch club, and was professor of anatomy in the schools of the Art students' league in 1878-'84, and presi- dent of the league in 1879-'80. His works include " The Young Samaritan " ; " King Rene's Daugh- ter " (1872) ; " The Whirlwind " (1878) ; a statue of Miles Morgan, erected at Springfield, Mass., in 1883 : and bas-reliefs on the monument at Sara- toga that commemorates the defeat of Burgoyne.

HARTLEY, Thomas, soldier, b. in Reading, Pa., 7 Sept., 1748; d. in York, Pa., 21 Dec, 1800. He studied law, was admitted to the bar, and prac- tised in York, Pa. He served in the Revolutionary war, and was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of Irvine's regiment, 9 Jan., 1776, and was colonel of the 6th Pennsylvania in the same year. Col. Hartley commanded an expedition in October, 1778, against the savages who had been concerned in the Wyoming massacre, destroyed their settle- ment, killed many of them, and recovered part of the property that they had carried away. He was a member of the Pennsylvania house of repre- sentatives in 1778, and was elected a representative in congress from Pennsylvania, serving by con- tinuous re-elections from 4 March, 1789, to 21 Dec, 1800. He was one of the council of censors in 1783, and a delegate to the Pennsylvania con- vention that adopted the national constitution.

HARVEY, Hayward Augustus, inventor, b.in Jamestown, N. V.. 17 Jan., 1824; d. in Orange, N. J., 28 Aug., 1893. He was educated at the Poughkeepsie collegiate school, and then devoted himself to mechanical inventions. His improve- ments included nearly fifty patents in cutting screws and rolling screws, as well as many for bolts and bolt machinery. He also invented a new proc- ess for the manufacture of steel, and he became president of the Harvey steel company in Newark, N. J. All of his inventions in screws and for the making of steel are protected by patents in Euro- pean countries. The " Harveyized " steel plates, m a comparative test with those of England. France, and Germany, were pronounced superior, and the United States purchased the right to man- ufacture it for the war-vessels of the new navy begun in 1890. Altogether Mr. Harvey had se- cured about 150 patents in this country.

HARVEY, Hezekiah, clergyman, b. in Ilulver, Suffolk, England, 27 Nov., 1821. He came to the United States in 1830, and after graduation at Madison university, and at its theological seminary in 1847, became tutor there. In 1849-57 he was pastor of the Baptist church in Homer. N. Y.. and since that time he has been a professor in the Ham- ilton theological seminary, with the exception of a pastorate in Dayton, Ohio, in 1864-'9. He is the author of " Memoir of Rev. Alfred Bennett" (New York, 1852) ; " The Church : its Politv and Ordi- nances" (Philaflelphia, 1879); and "The Pastor: his Qualifications and Duties" (1879).

HASKELL, James Richards, inventor, h. in Geneva, N. Y., 17 Sept., 1825. He was educated at Richfield (Ohio) academy, and at the prepara- tory department of Western Reserve college. In 1854 he began a series of experiments with steel breech-loading rifled cannon and breech-loading small-arms, manufacturing twenty-five of the former, which were purchased by the Mexican government, and were the first of the description that were made in the United States. In 18.55 he began experimenting with multicharge guns in association with Azel S. Lyman, who first con- ceived the idea of applying successive charges of powder to accelerate the velocity of a projectile. In 1855 congress appropriated funds in order to test these guns, but the bureau of ordnance op- posed such action. Mr. Haskell's experiments have cost more than $300,000, and the system is now completed, so that the power of these guns is more than doubled, and at the same time the maximum pressure used is less than that in other guns. In 1862, with Rafael Rafael, he invented and constructed a machine gun for very ra|)id fir- ing, but, notwithstanding a favorable report on it by a board of army officers, the authorities refused to adopt it. Mr. Haskell is a member of the American association for the advancement of sci- ence, and has written several pamphlets on na- tional armament and on ordnance problems.

HASKELL, Joseph Theodore, soldier, b. in Cincinnati, Ohio, 19 Nov., 1838 ; d. in Columbus, 16 Sept., 1898. At the age of twenty-five he en- tered the army as captain and commissary of sub- sistence, 19 Feb., 1863, and as such served "through- out the civil war. He was mustered out of the volunteer service on 8 Dec, 1866. but had been com- missioned captain in the 23d regular infantry, 28 July, 1866. lie was promoted major of the 24th infantry, 28 June, 1872, and on 27 Aug.. 1896, lieu- tenant-colonel of the 17th infantry. From Janu- ary, 1869, to January, 1872, he was in command of the San J uan islands, which were at that time a mat- ter of controversy between the United States and Great Britain. The matter was settled by arbitra- tion. Emperor William of Germany deciding in favor of the United States. In 1888 Major Has- kell was appointed a member of the tactics board, in which position he aided in compiling the mili- tary tactics at present in use in the army. At the outbreak of the war with Spain in 1898 Col. Poland was appointed brigadier-general and Lieut.-Col. Haskell was assigned command of the 17th infantry. He led that regiment in the battle of El Caney, 1 July, 1898, and distinguished him- self fur bravery, leading the regiment through the succession of barbed-wire fences that surrounded the block-houses until he was shot. He was wounded in three places, but kept his place on the firing-line during the whole day. For his bravery in this engagement he was promoted brigadier- general. He was sent to his home at Columbus post and recovered rapidly. The 17th regiment returned to Columbus on 16 Sept. following, and the great excitement of the day in his weakened condition caused his instant death.

HASTINGS, Henry, merchant, b. in Townsend, Mass., 2 Sept., 1818; d. in West Medford. 9 Aug., 1887. He was educated at Harvard, and studied law under Henry A. Wise in Virginia, but abandoned that profession in 1844 to become a cotton merchant in the south. He settled in Boston as a