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102 archirological expedition, for which he visited the Zuiii and Moki pueblos, and also represented the expedition at the JIadrid exposition in 1893. He became a special ethnologist of tlie bureau of eth- nology in 1895, and headed expeditions to Arizona •during the summers of 1896 and 1897 for archieo- logical purposes. To the literature of natural history he has made contributions of over fifty papers and monographs that have appeared in the publications of the Museum of comparative zoology, or in the proceedings of societies of which he is a member, or in the "American Naturalist." He has also written largely on ethnology, and is the editor of the " American Journal of Ethnology and Archaeology," of which he was the founder.

FIELD, Eugene, journalist, b. in St. Louis, Mo., 2 Sept., 1850 ; d. in Chicago, 111., 4 Nov., 1895. His father, Roswell Martin Field, a native of Ver- mont, was Dred Scott's first counsel, and for many years judge of the circuit court of Missouri. Tlie son completed his education at the university of his native state, and on returning from a few months' travel in Europe he entered upon the career of a journalist, ultimately connecting him- self with the Chicago " News " and " Record." He was a great traveller and bibliomaniac, and success- ful as the writer of verse for children, his strongest claim, perhaps, to remembrance. His principal works are " A Little Book of Western Verse " (Boston, 1893); "A Little Book of Profitable Tales," " With Trumpet and Drum " (1892) ; " A Second Book of Verse " (1893) ; " Love Songs of Childhood " (1894) ; " The Holy Cross, and other Tales" (1894); the unfinished work "Love Affairs of a Bibliomaniac" (1896): and, with Roswell M. Field, " Echoes from the Sabine " (1895).

FIELD, Marshall, merchant, b. in Conway, Mass., 36 Aug., 1835. He attended the schools of his native village, and at the age of seventeen went to Pittsfield, spending four years there as a clerk in a general store. lie began his business career in Chicago in 1856 as a clerk in the wholesale dry- goods house of Cooley, Wadsworth & Co.; in four years became a partner in the house of Cooley, Farwell & Co., and later of the largest house of its kind in the west, Farwell, Field & Co. In 1865 he formed a partnership with Potter Palmer and Levi Z. Leiter. Two years later Mr. Palmer withdrew and the house be- came known as Field, Leiter & Co. until 1881, when Mr. Leiter retired, and the house was and has ever since been kiiown as Mar- shall Field & Co. The retail depart- ment covers more than half a block in the center of the city, and the whole- sale department, which hiis been kept separate since 1872, is now car- ried on in a mas- sive granite edifice covering an entire block and among the grandest buildings of its kind in the world. Besides the two mammoth establishments in Chicago, Mr. Field has branch houses in England, France, and Germany. Goods are purchased for cash and sold on short time. The annual sales exceed $35,000,000, and the i)ay- roU includes about 4,000 persons. He gave land worth $200,000 to the Chicago universitv and $1,000,000 to establish the "Field Columbian mu- seum," for the permanent preservation of many exhibits of the World's Columbian exposition and embracing the elements of ethnological science and natural history, and has contributed to the Chicago historical society and to many of the hospitals of the city. Mr. Field has never been in public life, but takes an active interest in the development of Chicago, and is a member of many clubs in Chicago and New York.

FIELD, Walbridgre Abuer, jurist, b. in Spring- field, Vt., 26 April. 1833; d. in Bo.^ton, 15 July, 1899. He was graduated from Dartmouth and from the Harvard law-school. After attaining prominence as a lawyer he was elected to congress from the 3d district. In 1887 he was appointed by Gov. Long to the supreme court bench, being promoted to the chief justiceship in 1890 on the resignation of Justice Morton. Gov. Wolcott appointed Judge Oliver W. Holmes to the va- caiicv caused bv the death of Justice Field. FIELD, William Hildrelli, lawyer, b. in New York city, 16 April, 1843. He was graduated at Union college, and at Columbia college law-school, lie was taken into partnership by John W. Ed- monds, and remained with him until his death in 1874. He was elected president of the Catholic club of New York in 1887, and re-elected in 1888. Under his management this body became the most influential Roman Catholic organization in the state. He has tried many cases before the court of appeals, some of great public importance, involv- ing the interpretation of statutes, in which the law has been settled in accordance with the construc- tion that he advocated. Mr. Field edited, with Judge Edmonds. "Statutes at Large of the Stale of New York " (9 vols., Allmny, 1863-'75).

FIGUEROA, Geronimo (fisc-gay-ro'-ah), Mexi- can missionary, b. in the city of Mexico in 1604; d. there in 1683. In 1622 he entered the society of Jesus in Tepozotlan, and was appointed professor of Latin and philosophy in the College of Oajaca. His desire for missionary work caused him to study the language of the savage tribes of New Biscay, who shortly before had killed eight Jesuit mission- aries, and in 1634 he obtained permission to preach to the Tepehuanes. He was well received, and in forty years' incessant labor converted and civilized that fierce nation, and their neighbors to the north, the Tarahumares. Worn out by sickness and age, he returned in 1674 to Mexico, where he was ap- pointed rector of the principal college ; but con- tinued till the end of his life to send to his con- verts agricultural implements and artisans for their instruction. He wrote, besides a catechism and religious tracts in Indian dialect, "Arte y copioso Vocabulario de las Lenguas Tepehuana y Tarahu- mara," of which, according to Father Francisco Florrencia, who wrote Figueroa's biography (Mex- ico, 1689), the latter left four co(iies in his own writing, but only one has been preserved in the national lil)rarv of Mexico.

FINK, Louis Maria, R. C. bishop, b. at Triftersberg. Bavaria. 12 June, 1834. He pursued his studies at Ratisbon, came to this country in 1853, at the age of eighteen, and was received among the Benedictines by Abbot Wimmer at St. Vincent's abl)ey in Westmoreland county. Pa., making his profession as a Benedictine in January, 1854. His name was Michael by baptism, but he now assumed that of Louis Maria. Having completed