Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 5).djvu/766

730 1838 he removed to Texas, where he established the " Civilian," an independent Democratic jour- nal, which he continued for nearly forty years. He had resided in Galveston since its foundation, was its mayor in 1848-'52, and served as a member of the legislature in 1847-'8. During the republic- he enjoyed the confidence of Presidents Houston and Jones, and was opposed to the policy of an- nexation, but after Texas was admitted to the Union he was unwilling to annul the compact. He was appointed collector of customs of Galveston in 1851, and held that office until ISlil. when, owing to his opposition to secession, his services were not retained by the Confederate government. Mr. Stuart was a member of the State constitu- tional convention in 1866, and subsequently be- came one of the editors of the Galveston " News."

STUART, James, traveller, b. in Dunearn, Fileshire, Scotland, in 1775; d. in London, Eng- land, 3 Nov., 1849. Having killed in a duel Sir Alexander Boswell, the eldest son of Dr. Johnson's biographer, he came to North America, and in 1828-'30 travelled in the United States. His views on the natural resources and political phases of the republic are characterized by keenness of ob- servation, and, when published in book-form, un- der the title of "Three Years in North Amer- ica " (Edinburgh, 1833), attracted much attention, and his sketch in it of his visit to the Saratoga battle-field, including a description of its topo- graphical features is, next to Prof. Silliman's in Silliman's Tour," the best extant. The. book called forth several adverse criticisms from those of the English reviews that were unfriendly to repub- lican institutions, which elicited a reply from him in a work entitled " A Refutation of Aspersions on Stuart's 'Three Years in North America'" (London, 1834). He edited for several years the London " Courier." The violent partisan attitude that he assumed in politics called for chastisement frequently in the pages of " Blackwoc.d's Maga- zine," especially from John Wilson, in the " Noctes Ambrosiana 1 ." when' he figures under the name of the " Stot " (steer). Stuart was noted for his taste in art, and his social qualities rendered him wel- come in society, although his adherence to prin- ciples frequently led him into serious difficulties.

'''STUART. John''', British officer, b. in England about 1700 ; d. there in 1779. He came to this country in 1733 with Gen. James E. Oglethorpe. When Fort Loudoun was invested by the Chero- kees in the French war, he made, terms with Oco- nostota, who consented that the garrison should march out with their arms and have free passage to Virginia. They were massacred on the route, but Stuart, who was popular with the Indians, was spared. In 1863 he was appointed general agent and superintendent of Indian affairs for the south- ern department. On 14 Oct., 1768, he concluded a treaty with the Cherokees, fixing the western boundary of Virginia at Kanawha river, to the chagrin of the people of that province. He had a deputy with each tribe, and exerted great influ- ence over the southern Indians. When the Revo- lutionary war began, he conceived the idea of sup- pressing the revolt of the colonies by the aid of the savages. The British cabinet approved his plan, which was to land a body of troops in west- ern Florida, which should march through the terri- tory of the Creeks, Chickasaws, and < 'hemkees. and with the warriors of those nations destroy the setl lements and exterminate the Whigs by a sud- den blow, their attention being diverted by the landing of an army from Boston and an attack on Charleston by the British fleet. Letters were dis- tributed by Stuart among the loyalists in South Carolina, urging them to join the royal standard as soon as it should be raised in the Cherokee country. He circulated among the tribes in the spring of 1776, and arranged for the murderous raid to take place simultaneously with the appear- ance of Sir Peter Parker's naval force on the coast. But it was frustrated by the vigilance of the Kentucky settlers. (See OCONOSTOTA and SEVIER, JOHN.) Stuart, after the defeat of the Indians and the discovery of his plans, which Sir Henry Clinton made two later attempts to carry out, fled to Florida, and in 1779 returned to England. His property was confiscated in 1782. His son, Sir John, British soldier, b. in Georgia in 1761 ; d. in Clifton, England, 1 April, 1815, was educated at Westminster school, entered the foot-guard^ M* ensign in January, 1779, served under Lord Cornwall is in this country, and was dangerously wounded at Guilfnrd. He was a major-general during the Napoleonic wars, gained a victory over Gen. Jean Louis Reynier at Maida, Sicily, 4 July, 1806, for which he was knighted, and was subse- quently made a lieutenant-general.

STUART, John, clergyman, b. in IIarrislniru r , Pa., 24 Feb., 1740; d. in" Kingston, Canada, 15 Aug., 1811. He was the son of a Presbyterian emigrant from the north of Ireland, was graduated^ at the University of Pennsylvania in 1767, entered the communion of the English church, studied and was ordained priest in England, and, after his re- turn in 1770. labored for seven years as a mission- ary among the Indians of the Mohawk valley, into whose language he translated the gospel of Mark and the church catechism. After the revolt of the colonies, his loyalist principles and supposed eouuei ti.ni with efforts to rouse the Indians against the Americans led to his expulsion by the Whigs. His house and church were plundered, and he took refuge in Schenectady in 1778, and in 1781 emi- grated to Canada, where he was soon afterward appointed chaplain of a provincial regiment. He labored as a missionary among the Indians of Up- per Canada, and laid the foundations of the Chuivh of England among the white inhabitants of the province, his parish covering its entire area. For some time he taught an academy in Kingston, which town he made his home. He was chaplain to the legislative council some time before his death. His son, George Okill, clergyman, b. in Fort Hunter, N. Y., in 1776 ; d. in Kingston, On- tario, 5 Nov., 1862, was graduated at Harvard in 1801, after first studying in Windsor college, Nova Scotia, was ordained priest in 1804, and was rector of a church in York (now Toronto) till 1811. " hen he removed to Kingston to succeed his father. In 1820 he was made archdeacon of Kingston. He received the degree of LL D from Windsor college in 1832, and in 1848 that of D. D. from Harvard. In 1862 he became dean of the newly created diocese of Ontario. Another son. Sir James, bart., jurist, b. in Fort Hunter, N. Y., 2 March. 1780: d. in Quebec, Canada, 14 July, lS.->:i, studied at Windsor college. Nova Scotia, read law with Jonathan Sewell, and was admitted to the bar in 1801. He was assistant secretary to the lieutenant-governor, Sir Robert S. Milues, for several years, at the same time practising law in Quebec, and in 1825 was appointed solicitor-general for Lower Canada. In 1808 he was elected to represent Montreal in the legislature. He was removed from office in 1809 in consequence of a difference with the executive. He remained in the assembly till 1S17. and was in that body the foremost representative of the English part} and