Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 5).djvu/763

Rh "committee of nine," which, with the co-operation of President Grant, redeemed the state from mili- tarv rule anil secured the removal of objection- able provisions in the Underwood constitution. He was rector of the University of Virginia from 1876 till 1882. and from 18S4 til'l 1886, when he re- signed because of advanced age. lie was a member of the board of trustees of the (1 -gia Peabody educational fund, and the last survivor of the Fillmore cabinet. Mr. Stuart was for many years president of the Virginia historical society. His cousin, James Ewoll Brown, soldier, b. in Pat- rick county, Va., 6 Feb., 1833 ; d. in Richmond, Va., 12 May, 1864, entered the U. S. military academy after spending two years at Emory and Henry college, was graduated in 1854, joined the regiment of mounted riflemen that was then serv- ing in Texas, and took a creditable part in actions with the Apache Indians. In 1855 he was transferred to the 1st I". S. cav- airy with the rank of 2d lieutenant. He married Flora, a daughter of Col. Philip St. George Cooke, on 14 Nov., 1855, and on 20 Dec. was promoted 1st lieutenant. In 1856 his regiment was engaged in quelling the Kansas disturbances, and in 1857 in Indian warfare. He was wounded in an action with the Cheyennes on Solomon's river. In 1859 he went to Washington to negotiate with the war department concerning the sale of a sabre-attach- ment that he had invented. Going to Harper's Ferry with Robert E. Lee as a volunteer aide, he identified John Brown. He rejoined his regiment at Fort Riley, but in March, 1861, obtained leave of absence, being resolved to direct his course by the action of his state, and sent in his resignation after Virginia seceded. It was accepted on 7 May, just after he had received notification of his promotion to a captaincy, to date from 22 April, 1861. He was commissioned as lieutenant-colonel of infantry in the service of the state of Virginia, and as colonel of cavalry on 16 July. He performed important services in charge of the outposts of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's army. At Bull Run he contributed to the Confederate victory by efficiently guarding Gen. Thomas J. Jackson's left flank, and driving back the National attacking force. During the long ces- sation of operations he perfected his system of pick- ets, was engaged in many cavalry skirmishes, .-md became brigadier-general on 24 Sept., 1861. He was defeated by Gen. Edward 0. C. Ord at Dranesville. When the Confederates retired from Yorktown to Richmond, his cavalry guarded their rear. In the middle of June, 1862, he conducted a daring raid in the rear of Gen. McClellan's army on the Chicka- hoininy, in order to determine the position of the National right, He was incessantly engaged dur- ing the seven-days' fight, before Richmond. On 25 July, 1862, he was commissioned as major-gen- eral of cavalry. On 22 Aug. he crossed the Rap- pahannoek. penetrated Gen. John Pope's camp at Catlett's station, captured his official correspond- ence and personal effects, and made prisoners of several officers of his staff. In the following night, he made an attack on Manassas Junction, and sent into the town a brigade of infantry, which took many prisoners and carried off stores of great value. His cavalry was engaged in the second battle of Bull Run, and led the advance of Stonewall Jack- son's corps in the ensuing invasion of Maryland. He performed important services at Antietam, guarding with artillery an eminence on Jackson's left that was essential to the security of the Con- federate position, and leading the movement that resulted in the repulse of Gen. Edwin V. Stunner's corps. A few weeks later he crossed the Potomac near Villiamsportat t lie head of 1,800 picked troop- ers, gained the rear of the National army, rode as far north as Mercersburg and Chambersburg, Pa., returned on the other side of McClellan's position. and recrossed the river below Harper's Ferry. At Fredericksburg Stuart's cavalry guarded the ex- treme right of the Confederate line. In a raid to Dumfries he ascertained the intended movements of the National troops by means of forged tele- grams that he sent to Washington. In March, 1863, he encountered the National cavalry at Kelly's Ford. At Chancellorsville the cavalry screened Stonewall Jackson's march to the right of the Xa- tional army. After Gen. Jackson was mortally wounded, and Gen. Ambrose P. Hill was disabled, the command of Jackson's corps devolved tempora- rily on Stuart, who took command in the night of 2 May and directed its movements during the se- vere fighting of the following day. He led two charges in person, and carried the ridge of Hazel Grove, which was the key to the field. He was sent forward to guard the flanks of the advancing col- umns of Lee's army in the Gettysburg campaign, but was opposed and checked by the National cav- alry at Fleet wood Hill and Stevensburg, with heavy losses on both sides. At Aldie he was successful in an encounter with the National cavalry, but at Middleburg and Upperville he was defeated. He was directed to cross the Potomac in advance of the infantry column, and take position on its right. He held the pass in the Blue Ridge for a while, and then made a raid in the rear of the National army, rejoining the main body at the close of the conflict at Gettysburg. The responsibility for this movement and its influence on the event have been the subject of much controversy. In the re- treat, from Gettysburg Stuart guarded the gaps in the mountains. While the Confederate army was intrenched on the northern bank of the Potomac, he engaged in indecisive conflicts with the cavalry of Gen. Judson Kilpatrick and Gen. John Buford. While the cavalry held the line of the Rappahan- nock, during the rest of the summer of 1863, he evaded Gen. Kilpatrick at C'ulpeper Court-House, retired from Gen. Buford at Jack's Shop, after a severe conflict, but forced back the National cav- alry under Gen. Alfred Pleasonton at Brandy Sta- tion, and by a ruse routed the brigade of Gen. Hen- ry E. Davies near Buckland. After Gen. Grant crossed the Rapidan, Stuart led the advance of Gen. Ambrose P. Hill's corps. W T hen Gen. Philip H. Sheridan with his cavalry moved on Richmond, Stuart, by a rapid circuitous march, interposed his cavalry, concentrating his forces at Yellow Tavern, where he was mortally wounded in the obstinate engagement that ended in the defeat of the Con- federates. See "Life and Campaigns of Jlajor- General J. E. B. Stuart," by his chief-of-staff. Maj. Henry B. McClellan (Boston, 1885).

STUART, Ambrose Pascal Sevilon, educator, b. in Sterling. Mass., 22 Nov.. 1820. He was graduated at Brown in 1847, and till 1849 taught in