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716 dents' Manual of Histology" (Detroit, 1882) ; "Microscopic Diagnosis" (1882) ; " The Microscop- ical Structure of the Human Tooth " (1888) ; and "Physiology and Hygiene" (Chicago, 1888). His wife. Louisa Maria Reed, b. in Grand Blanc, Mich., 23 Dec., 1850, was graduated at the University of Michigan in 1876, and. after a post-graduate course of one year, received the degree of M. S. In 1877 she became instructor of microscopic botany in the school of pharmacy of the University of Michi- gan, and in 1878 she married Prof. Stowell. She is a member of scientific societies, and, by her re- searches in microscopy, gained an election to the Royal microscopical society of Great Britain in 1882. Mrs. Stowell takes an active interest in the advancement of woman's work, and lectured before the International woman's congress in Washington in 1888. She was associated with Prof. Stowell in the editorship of " The Microscope." In 1888 she as- sumed charge of the microscopical department of " The Pharmaceutical Era," and also assisted her husband in the preparation of " Microscopical Di- agnosis " (Detroit, 1882). Besides many articles in the scientific press, she has published " Microscop- ical Structure of Wheat " (Chicago, 1880).

STRACHAN, John, Canadian Anglican bishop. b. in Aberdeen, Scotland, 12 April, 1778; d. in Toronto, 1 Nov., 1867. He was graduated at King's college, Aberdeen, in 1796. studied theology at St. Andrew's, and taught in a village school un- til 1799, when he emigrated to Canada. He opened a school at Kingston and taught for three years, preparing himself in the mean time to take orders in the Church of England. He was or- dained a deacon by Bishop Mountain in May, 1803, a priest, 3 June, 1804, and appointed to the mission of Cornwall, where he opened a grammar-school, and had among his pupils several that have since become eminent in Canada. In 1812 he removed to York (now Toronto), and became rector in that place. In 1813, after the explosion by which Gen. Zebulon M. Pike was killed at the old fort, York, he visited Gen. Henry Dearborn, and was success- ful in dissuading him from sacking the town. In 1818 he was nominated an executive councillor, took his seat in the legislative council, and re- mained a member of the government till 1836, and of the upper house till 1841. In 1825 he became archdeacon of York, and in 1839 bishop of Toronto. After 1818 he took an active part in politics, and a bitter strife arose between his party on the one side and that of William L. Mackenzie on the other, which eventually culminated in the rebellion ipf ^,~. During the time that he was a member of the executive council fifty-seven rectories were established in Upper Canada at his suggestion, and the foundation of Trinity college, Toronto, was largely owing to his efforts. He received the de- gree o'f LL. D. from the University of St. Andrew's and that of D. D. from the University of Aberdeen in 1807. Bishop Strachan published seventy essays in the " Kingston Gazette " in 1811 under the name of " Rickoner," and several letters and pamphlets. He practically ruled the Church of England in Upper Canada during his lifetime, and did more than any other person to establish it securely in that part of the country.

STRACHEY, William, colonist. He left Eng- land in 1G09 on the " Sea Venture " with Sir Thomas Gates, and was shipwrecked on the Ber- mudas, but in 1610 reached Virginia on a boat that hud been constructed from the wreck, and was sec- retary of the colony for three years. Stra<-h>'v wrote "A True Repertory of the Wracke and Re- demption of Sir Thomas Gntr- upon and from the Islands of the Bermudas," which was published in the fourth volume of Purchas's " Pilgrims." He also compiled for the colony in Virginia " Lawes Divine. Moral], and Martiall " (London, 1612), and was the author of " Historic of Travaile into Vir- ginia Brittania " (1618). published by the Hakluyt society, from an original manuscript, in 1849.

STRAIN, Isaac G., naval officer, b. in Rox- bury. Pa., 4 March, 1821 ; d. in Aspinwall, Colom- bia, 14 May, 1857. He entered the U. S. navy as midshipman in is:j7, and was advanced to the grade of passed midshipman in 1843. While in the South Atlantic ocean in 1845 he led an explor- ing expedition into the interior of Brazil, and in he visited the peninsula of Lower California. In 1849 he obtained permission to leave his vessel at Valparaiso for the sake of making the overland journey to Rio Janeiro, where he rejoined his ship. The result of his experiences he gave to the public as "The Cordillera and Pampa: Sketches of a Journey in Chili and the Argentine Provinces in " (New York. 1853). He was promoted lieu- tenant. 27 Feb., 1850, and was attached to the com- mission that in 1850 located the boundary-line be- tween the United States and Mexico. In 1854 he had charge of the expedition to survey the Isthmus of Darien. The extremities to which his party were reduced in that affair, and the heroism with which he sustained his command under extraordi- nary difficulties, brought him to the notice of the public. In the summer of 1856 he sailed in the " Arctic " on her voyage to ascertain by soundings in the North Atlantic ocean the possibility of an ocean telegraphic cable between the United States and Great Britain. Lieut. Strain was a member of the American ethnological society, and to its pro- ceedings and those of the American geographical society he contributed interesting accounts of his expeditions, including a paper on " The History and Prospects of Interoceanic Communication " (New York, 1856). His death was the result of undue exposure while he was on the isthmus.

STRAKOSCH, Maurice, musician, b. in Butschowitz, Moravia, 15 Jan., 1825; d. in Paris, France, 9 Oct., 1887. His father removed to Germany in 1828, and young Strakosch there began the study of music. He soon gained a reputation as an excellent pianist, and was well received in all the European countries in which he travelled. In 1848 he came to the United States, and soon devoted himself entirely to managing operatic troupes, organizing his first company in 1855. In 1852 he married Amalia Patti, a sister of Adelina. His compositions for the piano were at one time very popular, and among them the music of one of Bayard Taylor's songs. He wrote a small volume of &ldquo;Souvenirs&rdquo; in French not long before his death. &mdash; His brother, Max, b. in Brunn, Moravia, 27 Sept., 1835; d. in New York city, 17 March, 1892, was associated with him in most of his enterprises, and some of the most famous artists travelled under their management, including Parepa-Rosa, Carlotta and Adelina Patti, Karl Formes, Pasquale Brignoli, Italo Campanini, Pauline Lucca, Therese Titjens, Christine Nilsson, and Marietta Alboni.

STRANAHAN, James Samuel Thomas, capitalist, b. in IVtcrb"i-.i. X. V.. 25 April, !*(>*: d. in Saratoga. N. Y.. :! S.>pt.. l*'.ix. He was educated in the common schools, where he afterward taught, and then studied civil engineering. In 1827 he visited the region of the upper lakes for the purpose of opening trade with the Indians ; but. finding this undfsiraM*'. he ennancd in tlir wool trade. He became associated in 1832 with Gerrit Smith in lei i'li. ping the manufacturing interests of Oneida