Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 5).djvu/696

662  in 1853; lecturer on chemistry and physics in St. James college, Md., in 1854; lecturer on applied chemistry in the Maryland institute in 1855, and professor of chemistry in the Maryland college of pharmacy in 1856. During the civil war he was actively employed as an inspector by the U. S. sanitary commission, and for a period was in charge of its operations in the Army of the Potomac as chief inspector. In 1871 he was elected by the Republicans to the state senate for four years. He was re-elected for a like term in 1875, and again in 1879. From 1855 till 1858 he was a contributor to, and afterward assistant editor of, &ldquo;The American Medical Monthly.&rdquo; In 1884 he was appointed librarian of the Enoch Pratt free library, remaining there till his death. He had published &ldquo;H. Wills's Outlines of Chemical Analysis,&rdquo; translated from the 3d German edition, with Dr. Daniel Brud (Cambridge, 1855); &ldquo;Cantate Domino: a Collection of Chants, Hymns, etc., for Church Service,&rdquo; with Henry Schwing (Boston, 1859); &ldquo;Report containing a Diary kept during the Rebel Occupation of Frederick, Md., etc.&rdquo; (New York, 1862); and also translations from the German, with monographs, reports, lectures, and speeches.

STEINHAUER, Henry Bird, Canadian clergyman, b. in the Ramah Indian settlement, Lake Simcoe, Ontario, in 1804; d. at Whitefish Lake, Northwest territory, Canada, 29 Dec., 1885. He was a pure-blooded Chippewa Indian, and received his name of Steinhauer from a German family that adopted and educated him. He accompanied the Rev. John Evans, a Methodist missionary, to the northwest in 1840, and settled at Norway House, where he remained until 1855, and made himself useful to the missionaries as an interpreter. He assisted Mr. Evans in inventing and perfecting the Cree syllabic characters, in which nearly all books in the Indian languages are printed in the northwest. He also translated into Cree the Old Testament from the book of Job to the end of the lesser prophets, and most of the New Testament. He was ordained a minister in 1858, and lived at Whitefish Lake.

STEINHEFER, Juan (stine'-hay-fer), German botanist, b. in Silesia about 1650; d. in Sonora, Mexico, in 1716. He studied medicine, entered the Society of Jesus as lay-brother, and was sent as a physician to Mexico, where he was assigned to the missions of Sonora, making a study of the flora of that region, which was entirely unexplored. He wrote &ldquo;Florilogio Medicinal Mejicano&rdquo; (Mexico, 1712; Amsterdam, 1719; and Madrid, 1732).

STEINITZ, William (sty-nits), chess-player, b. in Prague, Bohemia, 17 May, 1836. He was educated in Prague, and finished his studies at the Polytechnic institute in Vienna. He gained the first prizes at several European tournaments, notably in London in 1872 and in Vienna in 1873. At the exhibition in Vienna in 1872 he tied for the prize. Since 1862 Mr. Steinitz has won all single-handed games against other famous players. In October, 1882, he came from London to New York, remaining until April, 1883, when he returned to England to participate in the London chess-tournament. In the autumn of 1883 he again came to this country, since which time the United States has been his permanent residence. From 1885 until the present time (1898) he has edited the &ldquo;Chess Magazine,&rdquo; published in New York city. In 1876 he published in London a pamphlet entitled &ldquo;The Match between Messrs. Steinitz and Blackburn.&rdquo; In his recent contest with Mr. Zukertort in New York city his best efforts, by contrast with the great memory and science of his

opponent, displayed remarkable originality and fertility of invention.

STEINWAY, Henry Engelhard (stine'-way), piano-forte manufacturer, b. in Wolfshagen, Germany, 15 Feb., 1797; d. in New York city, 7 Feb., 1871. The original spelling of the name is Steinweg. After receiving a common-school education in his native place, he was first apprenticed to a cabinet-maker, then worked in an organ-factory, and thereafter studied the art of piano-forte making. His earliest youthful musical constructions were zithers and guitars, for his own amusement. At the age of fifteen the boy was left an orphan and thrown on his own resources. After a time Mr. Steinway began to make piano-fortes in a small way in his native place, but, being dissatisfied with the surroundings, came with his family to New York city in 1850. Here for several years father and sons were employed as journeymen in noted factories, until they resolved to unite their knowledge and experience and established the firm of Steinway and Sons. In 1862 they gained the first prize in London in competition with the most eminent makers in Europe; and this victory was followed in 1867 by a similar success at the Universal exposition in Paris. According to Liszt, Rubinstein, and other high authorities, the Steinways have done more to advance the durability, action, and tone-quality of their instruments than any other makers of Europe or America. &mdash; Henry Engelhard's son, Albert, b. in Seesen, Germany, 10 June, 1840; d. in New York city, 14 May, 1877, early in the civil war was advanced to the colonelcy of the 6th regiment of New York volunteers, and later became brigadier-general on the staff of Gov. John T. Hoffman.

STEINWEHR, Adolph Wilhelm August Friedrich, Baron von, soldier, b. in Blankenburg, duchy of Brunswick, Germany, 25 Sept., 1822; d. in Buffalo, N. Y., 25 Feb., 1877. His father was a major in the ducal service, and his grandfather a lieutenant-general in the Prussian army. Adolph was educated at the military academy in the city of Brunswick, and entered the army of the duchy as lieutenant in 1841. In 1847 he resigned and came to the United States to offer his services to the government during the Mexican war. Failing to obtain a commission in the regular army, he returned to Germany after marrying an American lady. In 1854 he again visited this country and purchased a farm near Wallingford, Conn. At the beginning of the civil war he raised a regiment, the 29th New York, which he commanded at the first battle of Bull Run, forming part of the reserve under Col. Dixon S. Miles. On 12 Oct., 1861, he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers and placed at the head of the 2d brigade, Gen. Louis Blenker's division, which was attached in May, 1862, to the Mountain department under Gen. John C. Frémont. When Gen. Franz Sigel assumed command of the corps, after the organization of the Army of Virginia, Gen. Steinwehr was given the 2d division, and with it took part in the campaign on the Rapidan and Rappahannock in the following August. He also retained it when the command of the corps passed into the hands of Gen. Oliver O. Howard, and under that officer fought in the battles of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. He remained with the army until the close of the war. His home for several years before his death was in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he prepared an &ldquo;Eclectic Series&rdquo; of school geographies that was widely circulated, and published &ldquo;A Topographical Map of the United States&rdquo; and &ldquo;The Centennial Gazetteer&rdquo; (Philadelphia, 1873).