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646 queen sent him a gold snuff-box set with diamonds, and on 21 Oct. a banquet was given him by the Royal geographical society. In 1873 he received the patron's gold medal of the Royal geographical society. The New York &ldquo;Herald&rdquo; and the London &ldquo;Daily Telegraph&rdquo; again sent Stanley to explore the lake region of equatorial Africa. He reached Zanzibar in the autumn of 1874. There learning that Livingstone had died in central Africa, he determined to shape his course northwest and explore the region of Lake Victoria N'yanza. Leaving at the head of 300 men, after many hardships and severe encounters with the natives, he reached it in February, 1875, having lost on the way 104 men by death or desertion. He circumnavigated the lake, sailing about 1,000 miles and minutely examining all the inlets, in a boat that he had brought with him in pieces, and found it to be a single large lake, instead of a series of lagoons, as had been supposed by Richard F. Burton and Livingstone, so that the opinion of the explorers Speke and Grant was confirmed. Thus was Lake Victoria N'yanza proved to be the largest body of fresh water in the world, having an area of 40,000 square miles. On 17 April, 1875, continuing his explorations, he set out westward toward Lake Albert N'yanza, and found that it was not, as had been supposed, connected with Lake Tanganyika. The hostility of the natives barred his further advance, and, forced to return to Ujiji, he resolved to reach the coast by descending the great river that had been discovered by Livingstone, and named the Lualaba, but which Stanley had called the Livingstone in honor of its discoverer. The latter had thought that it might be identical with the Nile; others supposed it to be part of the Congo, and Stanley, by his descent of it, proved that these last were correct. The descent, chiefly by canoes, took eight months, was accomplished under very great difficulties and privations, and cost him the lives of thirty-five men. On his reaching a west-coast settlement, a Portuguese man-of-war took him to St. Paul de Loanda, whence an English vessel conveyed the party to the Cape of Good Hope, and thence to Zanzibar, where what remained of the men who had joined his expedition were left at their own homes. Stanley reached England in February, 1878. On 28 June, 1878, at the Sorbonne, Paris, he was presented with the cross of chevalier of the Legion of honor by the president of the French geographical society. In 1879-'82 he was again in Africa, sent out by the Brussels African international association with a view to develop the great basin of the river Congo. The king of the Belgians devoted £50,000 a year from his own private means toward this enterprise. In 1884 Stanley completed the work, establishing trading-stations along the Congo from its mouth to Stanley pool, a distance by the river of 1,400

miles, and founding the free state of the Congo, but he declined to be its first governor. On 18 Jan., 1887, he was presented with the freedom of the city of London. Later he went on an African expedition to the Soudan, sent out for the relief of Emin Pasha. He has published &ldquo;How I Found Livingstone&rdquo; (New York, 1872); &ldquo;Through the Dark Continent,&rdquo; an account of his second expedition (1878); &ldquo;The Congo and the Founding of its Free State&rdquo; (1885); &ldquo;In Darkest Africa&rdquo; (1890); and &ldquo;Through South Africa&rdquo; (1898).

STANLY, Edward, statesman, b. in New Berne, N. C., about 1*11: d. in San Francisco, CaL. 13 July, 1872. He was the son of John Stanly. who was several times speaker of the North Carolina legislature and twice a member of congress. The son was educated at Capt. Alden Partridge's mili- tary academy in Middletown. Conn., studied and practised law, and was elected to congress as a Whig in 1830, and re-elected for the two succeed- ing terms. Having left congress in 1843, he represented Beaufort in the state house of commons from 1844 till 1849, serving during his last term as speaker. In 1847 he was elected attorney-general of the state. He was re-elected to congress in 1848 and returned for the succeeding term, at the close of which, in 1853, he removed to Cali- fornia, where he practised his profession, and in 1857 was the unsuccessful Republican candidate for governor. After the capture of New Berne on 14 March. 1862. and the occupation of other points in North Carolina by National troops, President Lincoln appointed Stanly military governor of his native state. The people were embittered by this, and. after vainly endeavoring to consolidate and give effect to the Unionist sentiment in North Carolina, he resigned and returned to California. His In-other, Faluns, naval officer, b. in New Berne, N. C., 15 Dec., 1815: d. in Washington, D. C., 5 Sept., 1882, entered the navy as a midshipman. 20 Dec., 1831. was promoted" to lieutenant. s Sept.. 1841, and during the Mexican war was attached to the Pacific squadron, where he did good service, participating in the capture and defence of San Francisco and other California ports. He .i--i-!>-il at the capture of Guaymas, where he led the -forming party, and commanded a night expedition to a fort twelve miles from that place, where with thirty men he passed through the enemy's lines, spiked the guns, and returned in safety. He was also present at the capture of Mazatlan, commanded the outposts, and had frequent skirmishes with the enemy, in one of which he had a hand-to-hand contest, and received a lance wound in the breast. He was highly commended for his zeal and ability, and received the thanks of two secretaries of the navy for his services in tin-Mexican war. He commanded steamers of the Pacific mail company in 1850-'!. During the Paraguay expedition he commanded the store-ship "Supply." and in 1859 -'60 he had the steamer Wyandotte" on the south side of Cuba. While he was at Key West he prevented what he supposed to be an attempt by the secessionists to seize Fort Taylor in December, 1860 ; but the rumor was contradicted, and he was relieved from his command for his excessive zeal, and sent to command the receiving-ship "Independence " in California. He was commissioned commander. 19 May. 1861. and was in tin- steamer Nai Talari- tt " in the Pacific in 1862-'4. He received the thanks of the state department for his diplomatic services in Mexico during this period. He commanded the " State of Georgia " on the coast of South Carolina in ln(i4-'5. i-o-oper'ated in the expedition up the Santee. and had