Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 5).djvu/653

Rh Apostolic Ministry." a course of lectures delivered in St. Mark's church, Denver, in January, 1887 (Milwaukee, Wis.. 1887).

SPALIHXW, Lyman, physician, b. in Cornish, N. II.. 5 June, 1775; d. in Portsmouth, X. H., 30 ( id.. 1821. He was graduated at Harvard medical school, with the degree of M. B., in 171/7. In 171IS. while still a student, he assisted Prof. Natliun Smith in establishing the medical school at Dart- mouth, collected and prepared chemical apparatus, delivered the first course of lectures at the opening of the institution, and published "A New Nomen- clature of Chemistry, proposed by Messrs. IV Mn- vau, Lavoisier, BertnoUet and Fourcroy, with Ad- ditions and Improvements" (1799). His medical studies were afterward continued at Cambridge and Philadelphia, and he entered upon the practice of medicine at Portsmouth, N. H., in 1799. He was given the degree of M. D. by Dartmouth in 1804 and Harvard in 1811. He devoted much at- tention to the study of the human structure, was a skilful anatomist, and his preparations, particular- ly of the lymphatics, were highly praised. In 1812 the College of physicians and surgeons of the west- ern district of the state of New York, at Fairfield, Herkimer co., was incorporated, Dr. Spalding being elected president and professor of anatomy, and he made annual visits to this school. In 1813 he removed to New York city and, a few years later, resigned his position at the college. With Dr. Spalding originated the plan for the formation of the " Pharmacopoeia of the United States," by the authority of all the medical societies and medical schools in the Union. In January, 1817, he sub- mitted the project to the New York county medi- cal society. In February, 1818, it was adopted by the Medical society of the state of New York anil ordered to be carried into execution by their com- mittee. Dr. Spalding being one of the number. The first edition of the work was published in 1820. and a new one is issued every ten years. Dr. Spalding was a contributor to medical and philosophical jour- nals, and, besides several lectures and addresses, published " Reflections on Fever, and particu- larly on the Inflammatory Character of Fever " (1817): "Reflections on Yellow- Fever Periods" (1819) ; and " A History of the Introduction and Use of Scutellaria Lateri flora as a Remedy for pre- venting and curing Hydrophobia " (1819). Dr. Spalding was active in introducing into the United States the practice of vaccination as a preventive of the small-pox. He was a trustee of the only free schools that New York then possessed, and aided in the establishment of the first Sunday- schools in that city.

SPALDING, Martin John, archbishop, b. near Lebanon, Marion co., Ky.. 23 May, 1810 ; d. in Baltimore, Md., 7 Feb.. 1872. In 1821 he was sent to St. Mary's seminary in Marion county, where he was graduated in 1826. He then studied theol- ogy in St. Joseph's seminary, Bardstown, for four years, and then in the Urban college of the propa- ganda, Rome, where he won his doctor's diploma by defending for seven hours in Latin 256 theologi- cal propositions against some of the ablest theo- logians in the city. He was ordained priest on 13 Aug., 1834, and on his return to Kentucky was charged with the pastorship of the cathedral at Bardstown and with the professorship of philoso- phy in the diocesan seminary. He was instru- mental in founding the " Catholic Advocate," and his articles in this journal attracted wide attention among Roman Catholics in the United States. In 1838 he was appointed president of St. Joseph's college. After holding this post two years he was transferred to the pastorship of St. Peter's rhuivh in l.rMimliin. I 'pun the removal of the see from Bardstown to Louisville in 1841 he returned to the former city, where his presence was thought neces- sary In reconcile the Roman olic inhabitants to the change. In 1844 he was re- called to Louis- ville and appoint- ed vicar-general. The age of Bish- op Flaget and the illness of his co- , adjutor to a great extent threw the administration of the diocese into the hands of Dr. Spalding, yet he was frequently engaged in giving lectures in Louis- ville and other cities, and at the same time prepared some of his works for the press. In February, 1848, he was appointed coadjutor bish- op of Louisville, and he was consecrated bishop of Lengone in partibtis on 10 Sept. following. He provided for the establishment of parochial schools, built an orphan asylum for boys at St. Thomas and one for boys and girls of German parentage in Louisville, and laid the foundation of a cathedral. He recalled the Jesuits into his diocese, and the Trappist abbey at Gethsemane was established un- der his auspices. After taking steps to have his diocese divided and the see of Covington created, he visited Europe in 1853-'54 to obtain assistants. He then set about establishing the St. Vincent de Paul society, which soon had conferences in the principal towns. In 1857 he founded the American college in Louvain. which up to 1884 has sent 301 priests to the missions of the United States. At the beginning of the Know-Nothing movement he became involved in a controversy with George D. Prentice, and during the riots in Louisville in 1 s.V> he showed great prudence, his influence probably preventing the disturbances from assuming larger proportions. Bishop Spalding did much to seeiirc hospital accommodations for the sick of the Na- tional troops that were encamped around Louis- ville in the first year of the civil war. On the death of Archbishop Kenrick in June, 1864, Bishop Spalding was transferred to the see of Baltimore and installed as archbishop on 31 July. He founded the House of the Good Shepherd in Baltimore, and began a boys' protectory, which he placed in charge of the Xaverian Brothers. In 1865 he was appointed administrator of the diocese of Charleston, the bishop of which was unable to return, and made successful appeals to the Roman Catholics of the north in aid of their southern brethren. He also secured important contributions for the American college at Rome. In 1866 he presided over the second plenary council of Baltimore, the largest assembly of the kind since the general council of Trent. The work that this body performed was entirely planned by Archbishop Spalding. In 1867 he was present in Rome at the 18th centenary nf the martyrdom of St. Peter and St. Paul, and again in 1869-'70 as a member of the oecumenical council of the Vatican. He was at first opposed to the definition of the dogma of the pope's infalli- bility on the ground that it was inopportune, but