Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 5).djvu/601

Rh Pennsylvania in 1837, and at the medical depart- ment 'in 1839, spent a year in study abroad, and cm his return settled in practice in Philadelphia. He became a surgeon to St. Joseph's hospital in ls4!l, surgeon to the Episcopal hospital si ion after- ward, one of the surgical staff to Bloeklev hospital in is.'ij. and was professor of surgery in the medi- cal department of the University of Pennsylvania from 1855 till 1871, when he became professor emeritus. At the beginning of the civil war he was appointed to organize the hospital department of Pennsylvania, and at the same time made sur- geon-general of Pennsylvania. In this capacity he contributed much to the efficiency of the medical ; services of the Pennsylvania reserves and other state regiments. At the first battle at Winches- ter, Va., he originated the plan of removing the wounded from the battle-field to large hospitals in Reading, Philadelphia. Harrisburg. and other cities, and established the custom of embalming the dead on the battle-ground. He organized and directed a corps of surgeons, with steamers as floating hospitals, at the siege of Yorktown, and served the wounded after the battles of Williams- burg, West Point, Fair Oaks, and Cold Harbor. After thoroughly organizing the department of which he was in charge, he resigned his commis- sion in 1862, and continued actively engaged in the practice of his profession. Dr. Smith was widely known as a medical author. His publi- cations include "An Anatomical Atlas,'' to illus- trate William E. Horner's "Special Anatomy" (Philadelphia, 184:!): "Minor Surgery" (is4(ii; "System of Operative Surgery," with a biograph- ical index to the writings and operations of Ameri- can surgeons for 234 years (2 vols., 1852); "The Treatment of Disunited" Fractures by Means of Ar- tificial Limbs " (1855) ; " Professional Visit to Lon- don and Paris " (1855) ; " Practice of Surgery " 2 vols., 1857-'63); and numerous surgical articles in medical journals: and he translated from the French Civiale's " Treatise on the Medical and Prophylactic Treatment of Stone and Gravel " (Philadelphia, 1841), and edited the " United States Pa., 8 March, 1818; d. there, 6 April, 1878, was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1837, and at its medical department in 1840. and became a resident physician to the Pennsylvania hospital for the insane in 1841, lecturer on physi- ology in the Philadelphia medical association in 1842". and in 1850 professor of the same branch in the Pennsylvania medical college. He was pro- fessor of the institutes of medicine in the medi- cal department of the University of Pennsylvania from 1863 till 1877, was one of the first medical staff of the Episcopal hospital, and for six years an attending physician and clinical lecturer in the Pennsylvania hospital. During the civil war he was physician in charge of a military hospital. He founded and established the first laboratory in which physiology was taught experimentally and by demonstration in the University of Pennsylva- nia, was the first president of the Philadelphia ob- stetrical society, and vice-president of the Ameri- can medical association in 1870. For nine years he was an editor of the Philadelphia "Medical Examiner." He contributed frequently to medical literature, translated and edited Barth and Roger's "Manual of Auscultation and Percussion" (Phila- delphia, 1849); edited Daniel Drake's "Systematic Treatise." with H. Hanbury Smith, on the " Dis- eases of the Interior Valley of North America" (1854) ; William B. Carpenter's " Principles of Hu- man Physiology " (1856): his "Microscope and its Revelations arid Uses" (1856); and William S. Kirke and James Paget's " Physiology " ( 185<i) ; and was the author of "Domestic Medieine. Surgery, and Materia Medica" (1852), and, with John Neill, an " Analytical Compendium of Medicine " (1857).

SMITH, Hezekiah, clergyman, b. on Long Island. X. Y., 21 April. 1737; d. in Haverhill, Mass., 22 Jan., 1805. He was graduated at Prince- ton in 1762, and soon afterward was ordained to the ministry at Charleston, S. C. In 1764 he visited New England and preached for some time in Haverhill, Mass. In 1765 a Baptist church was organized in this place, and Mr. Smith became its pastor. He maintained this relation to the end of his life, a period of forty years. Under his minis- try the church grew into commanding strength and influence. Meanwhile he performed extensive missionary tours through destitute regions of New Hampshire and Maine. In 1776-'80 he filled the office of chaplain in the American army. In this service he became acquainted with Washington, besides possessing the confidence and esteem of the whole army. In encouraging the soldiers and ministering to the wounded, he repeatedly exposed his life in battle. He was an ardent friend of edu- cation, and was especially active in establishing and supporting Brown university, of whose board of fellows he was long a member. From this uni- versity he received in 1797 the degree of I). D. See his life, entitled "Chaplain Smith and the Bap- tists." by Reuben A. Guild (Philadelphia, 1885).

SMITH, Hezekiah Bradley, inventor, b. in Bridgewater, Vt., 24 July, 1816 ; d. in Smithville, Burlington co., N. J., 3 Nov.. 1887. He learned the trade of a cabinet-maker, and became an inventor and manufacturer of wooden machinery. He set- tled in Woodbury, Mass., about 1860, engaged in the manufacture 'of window-blinds, and invented a machine that cut and cleansed forty mortises a minute, for which the Massachusetts mechanical association presented him with a gold medal. He subsequently took out more than forty patents for original inventions. He established a wood-manu- factory in Smithville, N. J., in 1871. which settle- ment was named in his honor, and spent large sums in building model houses, halls, and places of amusement for his workmen. He was elected to congress as a Democrat in 1878, served one term, and in 1882 was elected state senator, declining re- nomination.

SMITH, Hezekiah Wright, engraver, b. in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1828. He came to New York with his family in 1833, and entered the establishment of an e'ngraver, where he remained until his majority. He then passed two years with Thomas Doney, a mezzotint engraver, and in 1850 went to Boston and began to practise his profession, engraving a large number of plates for the publications of Ticknor and Field, and Little, Brown and Co. His most important plates are a full-length of Daniel Webster, after Chester Harding ; a three-quarter length Edward Everett, after Moses Wright ; and Washington, after Gilbert Stuart's Athenaeum head, this last being the best rendering of the picture that has yet been produced by the engraver. It was a labor of love with Mr. Smith, and to its completion he devoted all the leisure he could secure from his regular work during several years. His plates are executed in the dotted style, improperly called stipple, and most of his smaller portraits have considerable roulette work, giving them a mezzotint appearance. In 1870 he returned to New York, and in 1877 he re-