Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 5).djvu/514

484 of Ph.D. in 1859. He has published "Studia Phyiea." a series of monographs (Vicuna): "Elenore, a Drama" (Philadelphia. 1862; reissued as The Betrothed," 1805); and " The Miscellaneous Writings of William Sharswood" (vol. i., 1872). besides contributions to scientific journals.

SHATTUCK, Aaron Draper, artist, b. in Prancestown, N. H., 9 March, 1832. He became in 1850 the pupil of Alexander Ransom in Bos- ton, and two years later entered the schools of the Academy of design, New York. The first picture that he exhibited at the academy was a "Study of Grasses and Flowers" (1850). The following year he was elected an associate, and he became an academician in 1861. In 1867 he held the post of recording secretary. His works include " White Mountains in October " (1868) : Sunday Morning in New England" (1873); "Sheep and Cattle in Landscape " (1874) ; "Autumn near Stockbridge " (1876) ; " Granby Pastures " (1877) ; " Cows by the Meadow Brook" (1881); "Cattle" (1882);' and "Peaceful Days" (1884). He invented in 1883-'5 a stretcher-frame with keys, a great improvement on the olil methods of tightening canvases.

SHATTUCK, George Cheyne, physician, b. in Tetnpleton. Mass., 17 July, 1783; d. in Boston. 18 March, 1854. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1803 and at the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1807, and became a successful physician in Boston. He was at one time president of the Massachusetts medical society. Dr. Shattuck, by his will, devised more than $60,000 to charitable objects. He contributed largely to Dartmouth college, and built its observatory, which he furnished with valuable instruments. "Shattuck school," at Paribault, Minn., a collegiate boarding-school under the auspices of the Protestant Episcopal church, of which Dr. Shattuck was a liberal patron, was named for him. He received the degree of LL. D. from Dartmouth in 1853. Dr. Shattuck published two Boylston prize dissertations, entitled "Structure and Physiology of the Skin " (Boston, 1808) and "Causes of Biliary Secretions" (1808), and "Yellow Fever of Gibraltar in 1828," from the French (1839).

SHATTUCK, Lemuel, author, b. in Ashby, Mass., 15 Oct., 1793; d. in Boston, 17 Jan., 1859. He taught in various places, and was a merchant in Concord, Mass., from 1823 till 1833. He was afterward a bookseller and publisher in Boston, a member of the common council of that city, and for several years a representative in the legislature. In 1844 he was one of the founders of the New England historic-genealogical society, and he was its vice-president for five years. He was also a member of various similar societies. He published &ldquo;History of Concord, Mass.&rdquo; (Boston, 1835); &ldquo;Vital Statistics of Boston&rdquo; (1841); &ldquo;The Census of Boston&rdquo; (1845); &ldquo;Report on the Sanitary Condition of Massachusetts&rdquo; (1850); and &ldquo;Memorials of the Descendants of William Shattuck&rdquo; (1855).

SHAUBENA, Ottawa chief, b. near Maumee river, Ohio, about 1775: d. near Morris, Ill., 27 July, 1859. His name is also spelled Shabonee, Chab-o-neh, Shab-eh-ney, Chamblee, and in other ways. He served under Tecumseh from 1807 till the battle of the Thames in 1813. In 1810 he accompanied Tecumseh and Capt. Billy Caldwell (see ) to the homes of the Pottawattamies and other tribes residing in what are now Illinois and Wisconsin, with the hope of securing the coöperation of Indian braves in driving the white settlers out of the country. At the battle of the Thames he was by the side of Tecumseh when he fell, and at the death of their leader Shaubena and

Caldwell both lost faith in their British allies, and never again took sides with them. They soon afterward met Gen. Lewis Cass at Detroit, and agreed to submit to the United States. In the effort made by Black Hawk in February, 1832, to incite the Pottawattamies and Ottawas to make war against the whites, Shaubena frustrated his plans, and thus incurred the hatred of the Sac chief. In early manhood Shaubena married the daughter of a Pottawattamie chief, whose village was on the Illinois river east of the present city of Ottawa. Here he lived a few years, but removed about twenty-five miles north, to what is known as Shaubena's grove, in DeKalb county. There he and his family resided till 1837, when he was removed to western Missouri. Unfortunately, his tribe and that of Black Hawk had reservations near each ether. War began between them. His eldest son and a nephew were killed, and Shaubena went back to his old home in Illinois. After spending three years in Kansas on a new reservation, he returned again to Illinois, but found his land occupied by strangers, who rudely drove him from the grove that bore his name. The Washington officials had decided that he forfeited his title when he moved from his land. Some of his friends subsequently bought twenty acres for him on Mazon creek, near Morris, Ill., where he died. He was a superb specimen of an Indian, See &ldquo;Life of Shaubena,&rdquo; by N. Matson (Chicago, 1878).

SHAVER, George Frederick, inventor, b. in Ripley, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., 4 Nov., 1855. He was educated at the high-school of his native town, and from 1875 till 1879 was in the employ of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroad. He has recently been engaged in the introduction of his improved mechanical telephone, was president of the Consolidated telephone company in 1883-'6, and since 1887 has been vice-president and general manager of the Shaver corporation, which has charge of that and other of his inventions. The principal features of Mr. Shaver's telephone are the manner of carrying the line around curves, and the way in which it is fastened to the diaphragm. His other devices include a self-righting and self-bailing life-boat, which has been tried by the U. S. and Canadian governments, a compound automatic mail-catcher, a dynamophone to enable deaf persons to hear, a type-writer, and an automatic screw-driver.

SHAW, Albert, journalist, b. in New London, Butler co., Ohio, 23 July, 1857. He was graduated at Iowa college in 1879, and then studied history and political science at Johns Hopkins, where he took the degree of Ph. D. in 1884. Since INS:: he has been an editor of the Minneapolis "Tribune." He has published "Local Government in Illinois" (Baltimore, 1883); "Icaria; a Chapter in the History of Communism" (New York, 1884); "Co-operation in a Western City" (Baltimore. 1886); and "The National Revenue" (Chicago, 1888), and is a frequent contributor to periodicals.

SHAW, Albert Duane, consul, b. in Lyme, Jefferson co., N. Y., 27 Dec., 1841. He was educated at St. Lawrence university, Canton, N. Y., served in the 35th New York regiment in 1861-'3, and was elected to the legislature in 1867. He was appointed U. S. consul at Toronto. Canada, in 1 siis, and in 1878 promoted to Manchester, England, where he served till 1885. Mr. Shaw is known for his valuable consular reports to the state department, on foreign manufactures, and tariff and revenue reform. On his retirement from office in Manchester the citizens gave him a public reception in the city-hall, and presented him, through