Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 5).djvu/471

Rh He was commissioned brigadier-general of Georgia militia when the state was invaded by the British from East Florida, commanded a brigade, and, after repeated skirmishes with the enemy between Sunbury and Savannah, received a mortal w.mud at Midway. Congress ordered the erection of a monument to his memory.

SCRIBNER, Charles, publisher, b. in New York city, 21 Feb., 1821; d. in Lucerne, Switzerland, 26 Aug., 1871. After a year at the University of New York he entered Princeton college, where he was graduated in 1840, and began the study of law, but was obliged by ill health to make a trip to Europe. On his return he formed a partnership in 1846 with Isaac D. Baker, under the firm-name of Baker and Scribner, and began the publishing business. A year or two later Mr. Baker died, and Mr. Scribner continued under the title of Charles Scribner, and later of Charles Scribner and Co. With Charles Welford (who died in May, 1885) he formed in 1857 the house of Scribner and Welford for the importation of foreign books, which is still carried on under the same firm-name. In 1865 he began the publication of &ldquo;Hours at Home,&rdquo; a monthly magazine, which in 1870 was merged in &ldquo;Scribner's Monthly,&rdquo; under the editorship of Josiah G. Holland, and which was published by a separate company, Scribner and Co., with Dr. Holland and Roswell Smith as part owners. On Mr. Scribner's death, the next year, the firm of Charles Scribner and Co. was reorganized as Scribner, Armstrong, and Co., the partners being John Blair Scribner, Andrew C. Armstrong, and Edward Seymour, and in 1877 the publication-house was removed to 743 Broadway, its present site. Mr. Seymour died 28 April, 1877, and in 1878, when Mr. Armstrong retired, the firm-name was changed to Charles Scribner's Sons, under which form the business has been conducted since 1879 by Charles Scribner and Arthur H. Scribner, younger brothers of John Blair. In 1881 the firm sold out their interest in the magazine company, on the agreement that the name of the magazine and of the company should be altered, and the names were accordingly changed to the &ldquo;Century Magazine&rdquo; and the Century company. Charles Scribner's Sons agreed also not to publish any magazine for five years, but after the expiration of that time, in January, 1887, they began the publication of a new monthly, entitled &ldquo;Scribner's Magazine,&rdquo; edited by Edward L. Burlingame (q. v.). The house has been from the beginning solely a publishing firm as distinguished from a printing and publishing firm, and this has had an influence on the character of its publications, which have chiefly been confined to the works of contemporary authors. Besides its valuable list of literary and educational works, it has a large subscription department, from which have issued some of the most important and successful publications of the time. &mdash;, eldest son of Charles, b. in New York city, 4 June, 1850; d. there, 21 Jan., 1879, studied at Princeton, and succeeded his father as head of the firm in 1871.

SCUDDER, David Coif, missionary, b. in Boston, Mass., 27 Oct., 1835; d. near Periakulum, India, 19 Nov., 1862. He was graduated at Williams in 1855, and at Andover theological seminary in 1859. Having determined to become a missionary, he prepared himself by study of the Eastern languages until his ordination on 25 Fell.. ISIJI, and in 18G2 he was given the Periakulum station in the Madura district of southern India, where he labored until his death. He contributed a series of papers on foreign missions to the New Yonc " Independent." See " Life and Letters of David Coit Scudder," by Horace E. Scudder (New York, 1864). His brother, Samuel Hubbard, naturalist, b. in Boston, Mass., 13 April, 1837, was graduated at Williams in 1857, and at the Lawrence scientific school of Harvard in 1862, where in 1862-'4 he acted as assistant to Louis Agassiz in the Museum of comparative zoology. In 1862-'70 he was secretary of the Boston society of natural history, and he served as custodian to the same society in 1864-'70 and as its president in 1880-'7. Mr. Scudder was appointed in 1879 assistant librarian of Harvard, where he remained until 1885, and in 1886 he became paleontologist of the U. S. geological survey, which place he now (1898) holds. He is a member of many scientific societies, was chairman of the section on natural history of the American association for the advancement of science in 1874, and general secretary of the association in 1875, librarian of the American academy of arts and sciences in 1877-'85, and in 1877 was elected to the National academy of sciences. His specialty is entomology, and he has chiefly studied butterflies and fossil insects, in the knowledge of which he has no superior in this country. He has reported officially on the insects of New Hampshire, and has examined the specimens that were collected in the Yellowstone expedition of 1873, and on the geological surveys under Lieut. George M. Wheeler, Ferdinand V. Hayden, the British North America boundary commission, and the Canadian geological survey. During 1883-'5 he was editor of "Science," published in Cambridge. His bibliography down to 1880 has been collected by George Dimmock, and includes about 300 titles. His larger works are "Catalogue of the Orthoptera of North America" (Washington, 1868) ; "Entomological Correspondence of Thaddeus William Harris" (Boston, 1869); Fossil Butterflies" (Salem. 1875); "Catalogue of Scientific Serials of all Countries, including the Transactions of Learned Societies, in the Natural, Physical, and Mathematical Sciences, 1633-1876 " (Cambridge, 1879) ; " Butterflies, their Structure, Changes, and Life Histories " (New York, 1882); "Nomenclator Zoologicus: An Alphabetica List of all Generic Names that have been employed by Naturalists for Recent and Fossil Animals" (Washington, 1882); "Systematic Review of Our Present Knowledge of Fossil Insects" (1886), originally contributed to Zittel's "Handbuch der Palaeontologie" (Munich, 1885) ; and the " Winnipeg Country, or Roughing it with an Eclipse Party," by A Rochester Fellow (Boston. 1886). Another brother, Horace Elisha, author, b. in Boston, Mass., 16 Oct., 1838, was graduated at Williams in 1858, and soon afterward came to New York city, where he taught for three years. Meanwhile he wrote his first stories for children, which were issued as "Seven Little People and their Friends" (New York, 1862). The death of his father led to his return to Boston, and the success of his first book decided him to follow literature exclusively. His second work was "Dream Children" (Cambridge, 1863), and then he prepared "The Life and Letters of David Coit Scudder" (New York. 1864). He was editor of "The Riverside Magazine for Young People " during the four years of its existence (1867-'70), and published in its third volume "Stories from My Attic" (Boston, 1869). He has since been associated with the firm of Houghton, Mifflin and Co., and has edited for them the series of "American Commonwealths," also "American Poems" (1S7!I) and "American Prose" (1880). Mr. Scudder was one of the writers of Justin Winsor's "Memorial History of Boston" (Boston, 1880-'1).