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412 neutrality. After leaving Berlin, Mr. Sayre went to Copenhagen, Stockholm, and St. Petersburg, and in each of those cities received ample supplies to support the cause of the independence of the United States. In 1795 he was an active opponent of Wash- ington's administration.

SAYRES, Edward Smith, consul, b. in Mar- cus Hook. Pa,, 6 Oct., 1799; d. in Philadelphia, 29 March, 1877. His father, Caleb Smith Sayres, was a distinguished physician, who is mentioned by Dr. Benjamin Rush as being particularly skilful in the treatment of yellow fever during the epi- demic, of 1798. The son was educated at the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania. He was appointed vice- consul of Brazil' in 1841. of Portugal in 1850. of Sweden and Norway in 1854, of Denmark in 1862, and in 1872 honorary consul of Brazil for long and faithful services to the empire. He was at the time of his death dean of the consular corps at Phila- delphia, and probably the oldest foreign consul in point of service in the United States.

SCADIHNG, Henry, Canadian author, b. in Dunkeswell. Devonshire, England, 29 July. 1813. He came to Canada with his parents in 1821, and lived near York (now Toronto). He was educated at Upper Canada college, Toronto, and at St. John's college, Cambridge. England, where he was gradu- ated in 1837. In 1838 he was appointed to a clas- sical tutorship in Upper Canada college, and in the same year he was ordained a priest of the Churoh of England in Canada. In 1847 he became rector of the Church of the Holy Trinity in Toronto, which post he resigned in 1875. He was also a canon of St. James's cathedral, Toronto. He has been president of the Canadian institute, Toronto, was awarded the confederation medal in 1885, in appreciation of his useful public labors as a man of letters, was president of the Pioneer association of Toronto, and received the degree of D. D. from Cambridge university in 1852. He edited the " Canadian Journal of Science, Literature, and His- tory" in 1868-'78, and published " Memorial of the Rev. William Honywood Ripley " (Toronto, 1849) ; "Shakespeare the Seer the Interpreter" (18H4): "Truth's Resurrection" (1865); "Christian Pan- theism " (1865) ; " Toronto of Old " (1873) ; " The Four Decades of York, Upper Canada" (1884); " A History of the Old French Fort at Toronto " (1887) ; brief memoirs of John Strachan. first bishop of Toronto (1868), and Henry Dundas and Sir George Yonge (1878) ; and numerous pamphlets and articles on the archaeology and history of Upper Canada, and other subjects. In his writings Dr. Scadiling has principally aspired to the reputation of a local historian and annalist, and as such has done much valuable work,

SCALES, Alfred Moore, statesman, b. in Reeds- ville, N. C., 26 Nov., 1827; d. in Greenboro. N. C., 9 N"i iv., 1892. He was educated at the University of North Carolina, but was not graduated. He af- terward taught for a time, then studied law. was admitted to the bar in 1851, and in 1853 became so- licitor of Rockingham county. He was a member of the lower house of the legislature in 1852. 1853, and 1856, and was then elected to congress as a Demo- crat, serving from 7 Dec., 1857, till 3 March, 1859. He became clerk and master of the court of equity of Rockingham county in 1859, which office he held till the civil war. In 1860 he was a presidential elector on the Breckinridge ticket, and at the be- ginning of the civil war he entered the Confeder- ate army as a private. He was elected captain, subsequently promoted colonel, and then made brigadier-general. He took part in the- buttle of Williamsburg and in the engagements near Rich- mond, and. after Gen. Fender was wounded at the battle of Fredericksburg, took command of his brigade. He was severely wounded at Chancellors- ville and Gettysburg, and was present at most of the other battles till the close of the war. He re- sumed the practice of his profession after the war, was elected to the legislature of North Carolina in 1866-'7, and served in congress by successive elec- tions from 1875 till 1885. On 4 Nov., 1884. he was elected governor of North Carolina, and re-elected for the period that terminated in January, 1889.

SCALLAN, Thomas, Canadian R. C. bishop, b. in Wexford. Ireland, about 1770 : d. in St. John, Newfoundland, 29 May, 1830. He studied the- ology in the Convent of St. Isidore, Rome, where he entered the Franciscan order. After his ordination he was appointed professor of philosophy in the Franciscan college. He returned to Ireland in 1794, and after teaching in the seminary of his or- der at Waterford went to Newfoundland in 1812, but. after serving in the diocese for a few years, re- turned again to his native country. In January, 1816, he was nominated coadjutor of Dr. Lambert, vicar apostolic of Newfoundland, and was conse- crated bishop of Drago, in pnrtibiis. in Wexford. on 1 May. In 1817 he succeeded Dr. Lambert as vicar apostolic. During his administration the Roman Catholics of Newfoundland increased in numbers, wealth, and social standing. The island of Anticosti and that part of Labrador that is bounded by the northern part of St. John river were added to his vicariate in 1820. He was of a mild and tolerant disposition and an especial favorite with the Prot- estants of the island. He was accused of allow- ing his liberality to carry him too far in his desire to conciliate all religious denominations, and a for- mal censure was sent from Rome ; but, as he was on his death-bed, it was not read to him.

'''SCAMMELL. Alexander''', soldier, b. in Mendon (now Milford), Mass., probably in 1746; d. in Williamsburg, Va.. 6 Oct., 1781. He was graduated at Harvard in 1769, and taught in Kingston and Plymouth, Mass. In 1771 he went to Portsmouth, N. H., and in the following year he was employed by the government in exploring and surveying land and timber for the royal navy, and in assisting to make surveys for a map of New Hampshire. Also he served on board a sloop-of-war to transmit despatches, plans, and reports to the plantation office in Great Britain. Later he studied law with John Sullivan in Durham. N. II., until 1775. On 14 Dec., 1774, he was of the force under John Sullivan, John Langdon, and others that captured William and Mary fort, Newcastle, and secured its arms and 96 barrels of powder, one of the first overt acts of the Revolution, which was declared treason by the royal governor. While Sullivan was a member of the Continental congress Scammell had charge of his legal affairs, which detained him from joining the army at Cambridge. When his preceptor was appointed major - general in the Revolutionary army, Scammell was made a brigade-major. On 10 Dec., 1776, he became colonel of the 3d New Hampshire regiment, and he was transferred later to the 1st regiment. In 1777 his regiment was ordered to the northern army under Gen. Horatio Gates. In that campaign he was notably active, and was wounded at Saratoga, 5 Jan.. 1778. He was appointed adjutant-general of the American army, and consequently became a member of Gen. Washing- ton's military family. Preferring active command and the post of danger, in March. 1781, he was given (Miiimaiid i if a chosen regiment of light infantry, and on 30 Sept.. at the siege of Yorktown, as officer of the day, while reconnoitring the enemy's position.