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404 territory was only about 30,000, yet he not only rai-. '.1 'iOOO men for the National armies, but suc- cessfully carried on operations against hostile In- dians. .Much of the prosperity of the state is due t<> his energy. He was instrumental in causing the I "nion Pacific railroad to cross Missouri river at Omaha, instead of several miles below, thus in- suring the rapid growth of that city. In 1877-'83 he served in the U. S. senate, where he secured for his state more than 600,000 acres of land by straightening the northern boundary-line.

SAUNDERS, Sir Charles, British naval officer, b. in Scotland about 1713 ; d. in London, 7 Dec., 1775. He joined the navy, served under Lord An- son, and won notice by his gallant defence of the Yarmouth," while he was captain of that vessel in 1747. In 1759 Pitt gave him the command of the fleet that was intended toco-operate with Gen. Wolfe and the land forces at the capture of (Quebec. He rendered the greatest assistance to Wolfe by his bombardment of the town, and displayed much skill and courage during the period when the fleet was in St. Lawrence river. He was appointed lieutenant-general of marines in 1760, in 1705 a lord of the admiralty, and in 1766 first lord of the admiraltv. also in 1770 an admiral.

SAUNDERS, Ephraim Dod, clergyman, b. in Brookside, Morris co., X. J.. :!n Sept., l*os : d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 13 Sept., 1873. He was gradu- ated at Vale in 1831, and, after studying theology in New Haven for a few months, went to Virginia, where he engaged in teaching. He was licensed to preach there in 1833, ordained to the Presby- terian ministry in 1834, and was instrumental in building three churches, but relinquished preach- ing on account of a throat trouble, and became principal of an academy in Petersburg, Va. After travelling in Europe, he engaged in missionary work in the Pennsylvania coal region, but in 1852 he established, in West Philadelphia, Saunders in- >t it ute, a military school, which attained a high reputation. He discontinued the school in 1870, and in 1871 gave the buildings and grounds, which were valued at ,100,000, to found, as a memorial of his son, Courtland, the Presbyterian hospital, toward whose endowment he raised $100,- 000 more by his personal efforts. He received the degree of D. D. from Lafayette. During the civil war Dr. Saunders was active in raising volunteers and obtaining money for bounties, and established a drill class, in which he trained many officers for the volunteer service. See his " Life," by Thomas D. Suplee (Philadelphia, 1873). His son, COURT- LAND, who was a teacher in the institute, served as a captain in the National army, and was killed at Antietam. He published a work on "Paradigms of Latin Verbs" (Philadelphia, 1860).

SAUNDERS, Frederick, author, b. in London, England, 14 Aug., 1807. He came to New York in 1837, and opened a branch of the publishing establishment, of Saunders and Ottley, London, for the purpose of issuing American editions of their own publications, and to seek the protection of an international copyright law. After a persistent effort had been made in behalf of this object, in- volving a large amount of money, the enterprise was abandoned. In this work Mr. Saunders ob- tained the co-operation and sympathy of the chief literary men of the country, and his six petitions to congress, presented at distant intervals, bore the signatures of Washington Irving, William Cullen Bryant, George Bancroft, and many others. He was thus the pioneer in this important movement. Mr. Saunders was for some time city editor of the "Evening Post," and in 1859 became assistant librarian of the Astor library, of which, since 1876. he has been librarian. Madison university gave him the degree of M. A. in 1853. He has been a l'i ei|iieiit contributor to magazines and reviews, and has published " Memoirs of the Great Metropolis, or London from the Tower to the Crystal Palace " (New York, 1852) ; ' New York in a Nutshell " (1S5:!); Salad for the Solitary, by an Epicure" (1853), and "Salad for the 'Social" (1856), of which many editions appeared in New York and London, and which were reissued in one volume, illustrated (New York, 1872; new ed., 1883); Pearls of Thought, Religious and Philosophical, Gathered from Old Authors" (1858) ; "Mosaics" (1859) ; " Festival of Song " (1866) ; " About Wom- en, Love, and Marriage " (1868) : " Evenings with the Sacred Poets" (1869: revised and enlarged, 1885); "Pastime Papers" (1885); and "Story of some Famous Books " (London, 1887), in " The Book-Lover's Library." Most of his books were published both in New York and in London, and ran through numerous editions. He has also edit- ed " Our National Centennial Jubilee " (1877). and, with Henry T. Tuckerman, " Homes of American Authors " (1853).

SAUNDERS, John, jurist, b. in Virginia in 1754; d. in Fredericton, New Brunswick, in 1834. His grandfather emigrated to Virginia from Eng- land, and acquired large landed estates. John re- ceived a liberal education, and studied law, but in 1776 raised a troop of horse at his own expense, and joined the royal forces. He was subsequently captain of cavalry in the Queen's rangers, was often in engagements, and was twice wounded. At the peace he went to England, became a member of the Middle Temple, and practised law. In 1790 he be- came a judge of the supreme court of New Bruns- wick, and he was appointed soon afterward a mem- ber of the council of that colony. In 1822 he be- came chief justice. Judge Saunders possessed two estates in irginia, both of which were confiscated. His only son, Jonx SIMCOE, held the offices of ad- vocate-general, justice of the court of judicature, and member of the council, and at his death was secretary of the province.

SAUNDERS, Prince', attorney-general of Hayti, b. in Thetford, Vt.. about 1775; d. in Hayti. 12 Feb., 1840. He was of African descent, and, after receiving an excellent education and teaching in free colored schools in Colchester, Conn., and Boston, Mass., emigrated to Hayti in 1807. Here he was employed at once by Henry Christophe to improve the state of education in the island, and sent to England to procure teachers, books, and apparatus. In that country his first name was mistaken for a title, and as he took no pains to correct this misapprehension he received much attention, and was a guest at many great houses. At that of Sir Joseph Banks, president of the Royal society. everybody," says Charles R. Leslie in his " Recollections" (1860)," "asked to be presented to 'His Highness.' I got near, to hear what passed in his circle, and a gentleman, with a star and ribbon, said to him : ' What surprises me is that you speak English so well.' Saunders. who had never spoken any other language in his life, bowed and smiled aci epiiince of "the compliment." The result of this mission was not satisfactory to Christ. ] he. and immediately after its close Saunders returned from Hayti to the United States, where he studied divinity, and preached for some time in Philadelphia. A few years later he went again to Hayti. where he was 'made attorney-general, which office he held at his death. He was the author of the Il.-ntian criminal code, and published " Documents Relative