Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 5).djvu/397

Rh fishes, and a few minerals. I ID reaching home he devoted himself at once to preparation for publi- cation of his elaborate work on the flora of Brazil: but his health, seriously impaired by the fatigues and trials he had undergone, gave way, and it was only after a long period of rest that he was enabled to complete it. He was appointed correspondent of the institute in 1810 while absent in Brazil, and became an active member after the death of Cheva- lier Jean Lamarck, 8 Feb.. 1830. He was also a chevalier of the Legion of honor, and of the Por- tuguese Order of Christ. Among his works are " Apercu d'un voyage dans 1'interieur du Bresil, la province Cisplatine et les missions du Paraguay " (Paris. 1823); " Flora Brasilia? meridionalis, pu h'is- 1 1 lire et description de toutes les plantes qui crois- sent dans les differentes provinces du Bresil " (3 vols., 1825) ; " Memoire sur le systeme d'agriculture adopte par les Bresiliens et les resultats qu'il a eus dans la province de Minas-Geraes" (1827); "Voy- age dans la province de Rio de Janeiro et Minas- Geraes" (2 vols., 1830): "Voyage dans le district des diamants et sur le littoral du Bresil " (2 vols., 1833) : and " Voyage aux sources du San Francisco et dans la province de Goyaz " (2 vols., 1847-'8). SAINTIN, Jules Einile, French artist, b. in Leme, Aisne, 14 Aug., 1829. He studied in Paris undrr Michel Martin Drolling, Francois Edouard Picot, and Leboucher. For several years (about 1857-'63) he practised his profession in New York. During his stay there he exhibited frequently at the Academy of design, and was elected an asso- ciate in 1861. He has received several medals in Europe, and became chevalier of the Legion of honor in 1877. Among the portraits that he painted while he was in this country are those of Paul Morphy (1860); Stephen A. Douglas (1860), in the Corcoran gallery, Washington; and John F. Kensett (1863).

ST. JOHN, Isaac Miinroe, engineer, b. in Au- fusta, Ga., 19 Nov., 1827 ; d. in Greenbrier White ulphur Springs, W. Va., 7 April, 1880. After graduation at Yale in 1845, he studied law in New York city, and removed to Baltimore in 1847, where he became assistant editor of the " Patriot," but chose civil engineering for a profession, and was engaged on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. In 1855 he removed to Georgia, and was employed on the Blue Ridge railroad until the beginning of the civil war, when he entered the engineer corps of the Confederate army at Richmond, Va., and was as- signed to duty under Gen. John B. Magruder. He rendered valuable service in constructing fortifica- tions during Gen. George B. McClellan's first cam- paign. In May, 1862, he was made major and chief of the mining and nitre bureau, which was the sole reliance of the Confederacy for gunpowder material. He was promoted through the various grades to the rank of brigadier-general, and in 1865 was made commissary-general, and established a system by which supplies for the army were collected directly from the people and placed in depots for immediate transportation. After the war he re- sumed his profession in Kentucky, became chief engineer of the Louisville. Cincinnati, and Lexing- ton railroad, and built the short-line to Cincinnati, which was considered a great feat in civil en- gineering. He was city engineer of Louisville in 1870-'!. made the first topographical map of that city, and established its system of sewerage. From 1871 until his death he was consulting engineer of the Chesapeake and Ohio railroad, and chief engi- neer of the Lexington and Big Sandy railroad.

ST. JOHN, John Pierce, governor of Kansas, b. in Franklin county, Ind.. 25 Feb., 1833. In early years he was employed on his father's farm, ami was clerk in a grocer's store. In 1853 he went to California, worked in various capacities, and made vox-ages to South America. Mexico. Central Ameri- ca, and the Sandwich islands, and served in wars with the Indians in California and Oregon. In 1860 he removed to Charleston, 111., to continue the study of law, which he had begun in his miner's cabin. Early in 1862 he enlisted as a private in the 68th Illinois volunteers, in which he became a captain. At Alexandria, Va., he was detached from his command, ami assigned as acting assistant ad- jutant-general under Gen. John P. Slough, in 1864 he was placed in command of the troops at Camp Mattoon, 111., and on the organization of the 143d regiment he was elected its lieutenant-colonel, serv- ing chiefly in the Mississippi valley. At the close of the war he resumed practice in Charleston, but removed afterward to Independence, Mo., where he practised law four years with success, and won a reputation as a political orator. He removed to Olathe, Kan., in 1869, served in the state senate in 1873-'4, and was elected governor of Kansas, as a Republican, in 1878, serving until 1882, when he was defeated as a candidate for a third term. He was the candidate of the Prohibition party for presi- dent of the United States in 1884, and received a vote of 151,809. During the canvass he delivered addresses in various parts of the United States.

ST. JUST, Luc Letelliere de, Canadian states- man, b. in Riviere Ouelle. province of Quebec. 12 May, 1820 ; d. there, 1 Feb., 1881. He studied law, and after practising for a time was elected to the old parliament in 1850. He was defeated at the general election of 1852, and again in 1857, but in 1860 was elected for Granville division to the legis- lative council, where he sat until the union in 1867. In 1863 he became minister of agriculture in the Sandfield Macdonald administration, retaining the office until 1864. In 1867 he was called to the sen- ate, and in 1873, when the Liberal administration came into power, he became minister of agriculture. Toward the close of 1874 he resigned his portfolio, and was appointed lieutenant-governor of Quebec. He soon found himself at variance with different members of the local government, especially with the premier, M. de Boucherville. The difference between them gradually became wider, and finally all the members of the administration were parties to the dispute. On 24 March, 1878, the lieutenant- governor brought matters to a crisis by dismissing his cabinet, a proceeding that produced the most violent excitement throughout the country. The matter was at last considered in parliament, but. as the Liberals were in power, and he had only dis- missed their political opponents, he escaped even censure. In 1ST!) the Conservatives came into pow- er; the dismissal case was reconsidered, and the ministry advised the dismissal of the lieutenant- governor. The governor-general. Lord Lome, hesi- tated, and referred the case to the secretary for the colonies at London, who requested him to take the advice of his ministers. Consequently, M. de St. Just was displaced from office.

ST. LEGER, Barry, British soldier, b. in 1737; d. in 1789. He was a' nephew of the fourth Viscount Doneraile and fellow of St. Peter's college, Cambridge, and was of Huguenot descent. He entered the army, 27 April, 1756, as ensign of the 28th regimenl <>i' foot, and, coming to this country in the following year, served in the French war. learning the habits of the Indians and gaining much experience in border warfare. He served under Gen. Abercrombie in 1757, and participated in the siege of Louisburg in 1758. Accompanying