Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 5).djvu/369

Rh manager of the Zoological garden of aceliraatation iu IsijO-'o, was elected delegate of Martinique to the colonial committee in 1867-'70, and in 1875 be- came an associate member of the French academy of medicine. His works include " Etudes histo- riques et statistiqu.es sur la population de Saint Pierre de la Martinique" (St. Pierre, 1854): " Me- moire sur la maison des alienes de Saint Pierre de la Martinique " ( Aris, 1858) ; and " Enquete sur le Bothrops lanceole, ou vipere fer de lance, le ser- pent de la Martinique " (1860).

RUGENDAS, Johann Moritz, German artist, b. in Augsburg, 29 March, 1802 ; d. in Weilheim, Wiirtemberg, 29 May, 1858. He devoted himself more particularly to illustrating with his pencil the life and scenery of Mexico and South America, where he travelled at various times between 1821 and 1847. The sketches that he made in Brazil were lithographed and published with German text (Paris, 1827-'35), and his portfolios of South American sketches and studies were purchased by the government at Munich. His oil-painting, " Columbus taking Possession of the New World " (1855), is in the New Pinakothek, Munich.

RUGER, Thomas Howard, soldier, b. in Lima, Livingston co., N. Y., 2 April, 1833. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1854, assigned to the engineer corps, and worked on the defences of New Orleans, La., but resigned, 1 April, 1855, and from 1856 till the civil war practised law in Janesville, Wis. He became lieu- tenant-colonel of the 3d Wisconsin regiment, 29 June, 1861, and its colonel on 20 Aug., and com- manded it in Maryland and the Shenandoah val- ley till August, 1862, after which he was in the northern Virginia and Maryland campaigns. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, Nov., 1862, led a brigade in the Rappahannock campaigns, and commanded a division at Gettys- burg. In the summer of 1863 he was in New York city, where he aided in suppressing the draft riots. He then guarded the Nashville and Chattanooga railroad in Tennessee till April, 1864, led a brigade in Sherman's advance into Georgia till November, 1864, and with a division of the 23d corps took part in the campaign against Gen. John B. Hood's army in Tennessee, receiv- ing the brevet of major-general of volunteers, Nov., 1864, for services at the battle of Frank- lin. He then organized a division at Nashville, led it from February to June, 1865, in North Carolina, and then had charge of the depart- ment of that state till June, 1866, when he was mustered out. He accepted a colonelcy in the regular army, 28 July, 1866, and on 2 March, 1867, was brevetted brigadier-general, U. S. army, for services at Gettysburg. From January till July, 1868, he was provisional governor of Georgia, and from 1871 till 1876 he was superintendent of the U. S. military academy. From the last year till 1878 he was in charge of the Department of the South, and in 1876 he commanded the troops dur- ing the trouble in South Carolina incident to the claims of rival state governments. (See CHAMBER- LAIN, D. H.) He then commanded posts in the south and west, and on 19 March, 1886, was promoted brigadier-general. After temporarily commanding the Department of the Missouri in April and May, 1886, he was placed in charge of that of Dakota, and later was in command of the Department of the East. He was retired in 1897.

'''RUGER. William Crawford,''' jurist, b. in Bridgewater. N. Y., 30 Jan., 1824 ; d. in Syracuse, 14 Jan., 1892. He was educated at Bridgewater academy, was admitted to the bar, and practised in P.ridu'i'water and Syracuse. He was counsel for the defendants in the "canal-ring" prosecutions that were instituted by Gov. Samuel J. Tilden. He was a member of the Democratic national conven- tion in 1872, and twice a candidate for congress. In 1876 he was president of the convention in Albany at which the State bar association was formed. In 1882 he was elected chief judge of the New York court of appeals.

RUGGLES, Benjamin, senator, b. in Windham county, Conn., in 1783; d. in St. Clairsville, Ohio, 2 Sept., 1857. He obtained the means for acquiring a classical education by teaching during the winters, studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He removed to Marietta, Ohio, and subsequently to St. Clairsville, and in 1810 became president judge of the court of common pleas for the third circuit. In 1815 he was chosen U.S. senator, and he served until 1833, gaining by his habits of industry the name of the “wheel-horse of the senate.” In 1836 he was chosen a presidential elector on the Whig ticket.

RUGGLES, Daniel, soldier, b. in Barre, Mass.. 31 Jan.. 1810 ; d. in Fredericksburg, 1 June, 1897. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy, and served on frontier and recruiting duty till the Mexican war, in which, after his promotion as cap- tain, 18 June, 1846, he won the brevet of major for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, and that of lieutenant -colonel for Chapultepec. He then served mostly in Texas till his resignation on 7 May, 1861, for two years before which he had been on sick leave of absence. He then joined the Confederate army, was commissioned brigadier- general in the same year, served in New Orleans, and led a division at Shiloh and at Baton Rouge. He became major-general in 1863, and commanded the Department of the Mississippi. He repelled raids on the northern and southern borders of the state in 1863-'4, and in 1865 was commissary-gen- eral of prisoners. After the war he took charge of his large estate near Palafox, Tex., and also re- sided at Fredericksburg, Va.. where he died.

RUGGLES, John, senator, b. in Westborough, Mass., in 1790; d. in Thomaston, Me.. 20 June, 1874. He was graduated at Brown in 1813, studied law, and began to practise in Skowhegan, Me., but removed to Thomaston in 1818. He served in the lower house of the legislature in 1823-'31, as its speaker in 1825-'9 and 1831, and resigned in the last-named year to become judge of the district court of the state, in place of Samuel E. Smith, who had been chosen governor. He was then chosen U. S. senator as a Democrat in place of Peleg Sprague, who had resigned, and served from 6 Feb., 1835, till 3 March, 1841. He afterward re- turned to the practice of law.

RUGGLES, Samuel Bulkley, lawyer, b. in New Milford, Conn., 11 April, 1800; d. on Fire island, N. Y., 28 Aug., 1881. He removed at^ an early age to Poughkeepsie, was graduated at Yale in 1814, studied law in the office of his father, Philo, who was surrogate and district attorney at Poughkeepsie, and was admitted to the bar in 1821. He was elected a member of the assembly of 183s. and, as chairman of the committee on ways and means, presented a ' Report upon the Finances and Internal Improvements of the State of New York," which led the state to enter upon a new policy in its commercial development. This report proposed to borrow sums of money sufficient to enlarge the Erie canal within five years, and not, as had been at first decided, to rely upon part of the tolls to pay for the enlargement while waiting twenty years. The enlargement was not made at once,