Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 5).djvu/269

Rh War of 1812 "(1842): "Eight Years in Canada " (1847); "Matilda Monlgomerie" (1851): "Wan man-gee, or the Massacre of Chicago " (1852) ; and The Fall of Chicago " (1858).

RICHARDSON, John Fram, educator, )>. in Vernon, Oneida co., N. Y., 7 Feb., 1808 ; d. in Rochester, N. Y., 10 Feb., 1868. On his gradua- tion from Madison university in 1835 he was made tutor and then professor of Latin, which place he held till 1850. He accepted in that year the same chair in Rochester university, continuing in this relation until his death. Professor Richardson be- lieed he had discovered the true pronunciation of Latin, as spoken by the ancient Romans, and in the face of much opposition taught it to his pnpiU. It has since been adopted by many of the foremost educators. He published " Roman Orthoepy : a Plea for the Restoration of the True System of Latin Pronunciation " (New York, 1859), for which he received an autograph letter of thanks from William E. Gladstone.

RICHARDSON, John Smythe, jurist, b. in Sumter district. S. C., 11 April, 1777; d. in Charleston, S. C., 8 May, 1850. He was edu- cated in Charleston, studied law under John J. Pringle, and was admitted to the bar in 1799. "While he was a member of the legislature in 1810 hi- was the author of the genera] suffrage bill, which became a part of the state constitution, was speaker of the house, and resigned to become state attorney-general. He was appointed law judge in 1818, declined the nomination of the Republican party for congress in 1820, and in 1841 became president of the law court of appeals. He suc- ceeded David Johnson as president of the court of errors in 1846. and the next year successfully de- fended himself in an attempt to legislate him out of office on account of his alleged inability to perform his judicial duties. His son. John Smythe, con- gressman, 1). in Sumter district. S. C., 29 Feb., 1828, was graduated at the College of South Carolina in 1850, admitted to the Sumter bar in 1852, and, while practising his profession, also engaged in planting. He served in the Confederate army throughout the civil war, attained the rank of colo- nel, and was a member of the South Carolina legis- lature in 1865-'7, of the Democratic national con- vention in 1876, and of congress in 1879-'83.

RICHARDSON, Joseph, clergyman, b. in Bil- lerica, Mass., 1 Feb., 1778; d. in Hingham, Mass., 25 Sept., 1871. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1802, and ordained pastor of the Unitarian church in Hingham in 1806, which post he retained until his death, surviving every person that was a member of his congregation at his settlement. At his death he was the oldest native citizen of Hing- ham. He served in the Massachusetts constitu- tional convention in 1820-'!, in the lower house of the legislature in 1821-'3, and in the state senate in 1823. 1824, and 1826. He became a member of congress in the latter year, served by re-election till 1831, and was succeeded by John Quiney Adams. He devoted his subsequent life to his parochial du- ties, to lecturing, and to literary work. His church edifice is said to be the oldest in the United States, having been built in 1681.

RICHARDSON, Nathaniel Smith, clergyman, b. in Middlebury, Conn., 8 Jan., 1810; d. in Bridgeport, Conn., 7 Aug.. 1883. He was graduated at Yale in 1834, and pursued theological studies at the Episcopal general theological seminary, but was not graduated. He was ordained deacon in Trinity church, Portland, Conn., 8 July, 1838, by Bishop Brownell, and priest in Christ church, Watertown, Conn., in 1839, by the same bishop. He was assist- ant minister of Christ church, Watertown, in 1838-'9, and its rector from 1839 till 1845, when he accepted a call to Christ church, Derby, Conn., and occupied that post for four years. In 1848 he removed to New Haven, Conn., and founded the American Church Review," of which he was editor and proprietor for twenty years. He received the degree of D. D. from Racine college in 1849. He became rector of St. Paul's church, Bridgeport, in 1868, and labored thereuntil 1881. In 1879 he es- tablished a new weekly paper in the interests of the Protestant Episcopal church, called ' The Guard- ian," which he edited until his death. Dr. Richard- son's publications include "Reasons why I am a Churchman" (Watertown, 1843); "Historical Sketch of Watertown, Conn." (New Haven, 1S45); "Churchman's Reasons for his Faith and Practice" (1846) ; " Reasons why I am not a Papist " (1847) ; and " Sponsor's Gift " (1852; new ed., 1867). He also contributed numerous valuable papers to the " Church Review."

'''RICHARDSON. Richard''', patriot, b. near Jamestown, Va., in 1704; d. near Salisbury, S. C., in September, 1780. He followed the profession of surveyor in Virginia, but in 1725 emigrated to South Carolina, and settling in Sumter district, which was then called "neutral ground," became a successful farmer, was made a colonel of militia, and in 1775 was elected from his district, a member of the council of safety of Charleston. He was in- strumental in the same year in quelling a danger- ous revolt among the loyalist population of what was known as the " back country," for which he re- ceived the thanks of the Provincial congress, and was made brigadier-general. He served in the legislative council in 1776, and in the Provincial congress, and assisted in framing the constitution of South Carolina. He subsequently participated in the defence of Charleston, was made a prisoner of war at its fall, and sent to St. Augustine. Lord Cornwallis made fruitless efforts to win him over to the royalist cause. His health failing from confinement, he was sent home, but died soon afterward. Col. Tarleton subsequently burned his house, and disinterred his body to verify his death. His grandson, John Peter, statesman, b. at Hickory Hill, Sumter district, S. C., 14 April. 1801 ; d. in Fulton, S. C., 24 Jan.. 18(i4, was the son of James, who was governor of South Carolina in 1802-'4. John was graduated at the College of South Carolina in 1819, admitted to the bar at Fulton in 1821, and extensively engaged in plant- ing. He served in the legislature in 1824-'36, steadily opposed nullification, and was an active member of the Union party. He was chosen to congress as a Democrat in 1836 to succeed Richard Manning, served till March, 1839, and was governor of South Carolina in 1840-'2. He then returned to the practice of his profession, in which he con- tinued until his death. He was a delegate to the southern convention in 1850, president of the Southern rights association in 1851, and a member of the South Carolina convention in 1860, in which he opposed secession.

RICHARDSON, William Adams, jurist, b. in Tyngsborough, Mass., 2 Nov., 1821; d. in Washington, 19 Oct., 1896. He was graduated at Harvard, and in the law department there, was licensed to practise, and was judge-advocate and governor's aid in Massachusetts. He was president of the common council of Lowell in 1853-'4, of the Wameset bank, and of the Mechanics' association. He was appointed to revise the statutes of Massachusetts in 1855, and subsequently chosen by the legislature to edit the annual supplements of the general