Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 5).djvu/220

194 1864); and single sermons and addresses.—Robert's son, Rossiter Worthington, mining engineer, b. in Cincinnati, Ohio, 27 April, 1840, was graduated at Brooklyn polytechnic institute in 1858, and spent three years in professional study at the Royal mining academy in Freiberg, Saxony, and at the universities of Heidelberg and Munich. On his return to the United States he entered the army as additional aide-de-camp, with the rank of captain, on 31 March, 1862, and resigned on 6 April, 1864. Subsequently he settled in New York city as a consulting engineer, with special reference to mining property and metallurgical processes. In 1868 he was appointed U. S. commissioner of mining statistics, which office he held until 1876, issuing each year &ldquo;Reports on the Mineral Resources of the United States West of the Rocky Mountains&rdquo; (8 vols., Washington, 1869-76), of which several were published in New York with the titles of &ldquo;American Mines and Mining,&rdquo; &ldquo;The United States Mining Industry,&rdquo; &ldquo;Mines, Mills, and Furnaces,&rdquo; and &ldquo;Silver and Gold.&rdquo; He was invited to lecture on economic geology at Lafayette in 1870, and continued so engaged until 1882. Dr. Raymond has travelled extensively throughout the mining districts of the United States in connection with his official appointments, and from his knowledge of the subject has been very largely consulted concerning the value of mines, serving also as an expert in court on these subjects. He was one of the U. S. commissioners to the World's fair in Vienna in 1873, and was appointed in 1885 New York state commissioner of electric subways for the city of Brooklyn. Dr. Raymond was one of the original members of the American institute of mining engineers, its vice-president in 1871, president in 1872-'4, and secretary in 1884-'8. In the latter capacity he has edited the annual volumes of its &ldquo;Transactions&rdquo; since his election. He is a member of the Society of civil engineers of France and of various other technical and scientific societies at home and abroad. In 1867 he was editor of the &ldquo;American Journal of Mining,&rdquo; which in 1868 became the &ldquo;Engineering and Mining Journal,&rdquo; of which he continues senior editor. In addition to numerous professional papers, he has published &ldquo;Die Leibgarde&rdquo; (Boston, 1863), being a German translation of Mrs. John C. Frémont's &ldquo;Story of the Guard&rdquo;; &ldquo;The Children's Week&rdquo; (New York, 1871); &ldquo;Brave Hearts,&rdquo; a novel (1873); &ldquo;The Man in the Moon and other People&rdquo; (1874); &ldquo;The Book of Job&rdquo; (1878); &ldquo;The Merry-go-Round&rdquo; (1880); &ldquo;Camp and Cabin&rdquo; (1880); &ldquo;A Glossary of Mining and Metallurgical Terms&rdquo; (1881); and &ldquo;Memorial of Alexander L. Holley&rdquo; (1883).

RAYMOND, John T., actor, b. in Buffalo, N. Y., 5 April, 1836; d. in Evansville, Ind., 10 April, 1887. His original name was John O'Brien ; was educated in the common schools, and made his first appearance, 27 June, 1853, at the Roch- ester theatre as Lopez in " The Honeymoon." In the summer of 1857 he accompanied Edward Sothern to Halifax, N. S., and afterward appeared at Charleston as Asa Trenchard in " Our American Cousin," with Sothern as Lord Dundreary. He went to England in 1867, and on 1 July he ap- peared in London at the Haymarket theatre as Asa Trenchard with Sothern, making a gre;ii suc- cess, and afterward made a tour of the British provincial theatres in company with Sothern. and also acted in Paris. Returning to this country in the autumn of 1868, he reappeared in New Ym-k, playing Toby Twinkle in "All that (Hitters is not Gold." A little later he went to San Francisco, where, on 18 Jan., 1869, he made his first appear- ance as Graves in Bulwer's comedy of " Money." Mr. Raymond returned to New York in 1871, and there his greatest success was achieved in 1874, when he brought out at the Park theatre "The Gilded Age." In this Mr. Raymond took the part of Colonel Mulberry Sellers, which he rendered pe- culiarly his own, and in which he delighted thou- sands by the original character of his .humor. He went to England on a professional engagement in 1880, but his character of Colonel Sellers did nut prove popular and he soon returned. lie ap- I" an 'I on the stage for the last time in Hopkins- ville, Ky. Though Mr. Raymond's talent as a comedian was not of the highest order, it was of such a peculiar character as to secure him success. Mr. Raymond's wife accompanied her husband to Europe, and played Florence Trenchard in " Our American Cousin " at the Theatre des Italiens, Paris. She also accompanied him to California, and took the role of Clara Douglas in " Money."

'''RAYMOND. Miner''', clergyman, b. in New York city. 29 Aug.. 1811 ; d. in Evanston, 111., 25 Nov., 1S97. He was educated at Wesleyan academy, where he became a teacher in 1824, and was its principal in 1848-'64. Since 1864 he had been professor of systematic theology in Garrett biblical institute, Evanston, 111. He had been a member of the annual conferences of his church for forty- ei-lit years, and six times a delegate to the general conference. Wesleyan university gave him the degree of D. D., ami Northwestern university that of LL. D. Dr. Raymond published "Systematic Theology " (3 rols., Cincinnati, 1877).

RAYNAL, Guillaume Thomas Francois, called ABBE. French historian, b. in St. Gcniez, Rouergue, 12 April, 1713; d. in Paris, 6 March. 1Y93. He received his education in the college of the Jesuits at Pezenas. and was ordained priest. In 1747 he moved to Paris, and was attached to the parish of St. Sulpice, but was dismissed for conduct unbecoming a clergyman. He then en- tered literary life, became an editor of the " Mer- cure de France," and, soon acquiring fame, gained entrance to fashionable society, where he made the acquaintance of Diderot, d'Alembert, Rousseau, Voltaire, and others. By their advice he under- took the publication of a philosophical history of the discovery and conquest of the American colo- nies, and devoted nearly ten years to that work, which made a great sensation, and was translated into all European languages. It is entitled " lli>- toire philosophique et poiltique des etablissements et du commerce des Europeens dans les deux In- des " (4 vols., Paris, 1770 ; revised ed., with new docu- ments furnished by the Count d'Aranda, Spanish secretary of state, 16 vols., Geneva, 1780-'5). Sev- eral of the most noted authors of the time contrib- uted to the work. Raynal's history contained virulent attacks on the Roman Catholic church, and the author was obliged to seek a refuge in Prus-ia. By order of Louis XVI. the parliament of Paris pronounced condemnation upon Raynal's history, and it was burned by the public exenit inner in the Place de Greve in 1781. Toward 1787 he obtained permission to return to France, and fixed his resi- dence in Toulon. He was elected to the states- general in 17S!I by the city of Marseilles, hut de- clined on account of his age. During the revolu- tion he lived chiefly in Montlhcn. lle-ide- thn-e already cited, Raynal's works include " Ilistoire du stathouderat " (The Hague. 174S): " Anecdotes litteraires " (> vols., Paris, 1750) : " Ilistoire du parlement d'Angleterre " (London, 1751); and " Mcnioires (H.litiques de 1'Europe '' (3 vols., 1754-'74). William Mazzey, Virginia, published a ivfulM in