Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 5).djvu/198

172 Mary college in 1875, and that of LL. D. from Washington and Lee university in 1884. Dur- ing his ministry in Maryland Dr. Randolph was the chief opponent of traetarianism and ritual- ism, and leader in a successful resistance to the assumption of episcopal powers that he believed to be unconstitutional. The conflict was one of much interest to his church throughout the coun- try, and the qualities that Dr. Randolph displayed secured him the confidence of his wing of the church. Bishop Randolph's published discourses and periodical contributions show him to be in churchmanship and religious philosophy largely in sympathy with the views of Dr. Thomas Arnold, of Rugby.

RANDOLPH, Beverley, governor of Virginia, b. in Chatswurth, Henrico co., Va., in 1755; d. at Green Creek, his home, in Cumberland, Va.. in 1797. He was a graduate of William and Mary college, of which he was appointed a visitor in 1784. He was a member of the assembly of Virginia dur- ing the Revolutionary war and actively supported all measures for securing American independence. He was chosen in 1787 president of the executive council of Virginia, and. at the close of 178!?. suc- ceeded his relative, Edmund Randolph, as gov- ernor of the state. After two years of service he became unpopular with a part of the legislature, which at that time elected the governor. The mal- contents had resolved to surprise the legislature by I In Humiliation of ex-Gov. Benjamin Harrison, but Harrison discovered the scheme and defeated it, requesting his son to vote for Gov. Randolph, who thus was chosen for a third term.

RANDOLPH, Edward, British agent, b. in England in July, 1632 ; d. in Virginia about 1703. The British government sent him to the New England colonies in 1675 to ascertain their condition. He arrived in June, 1676. with a letter from Charles II., and with complaints from Ferdi- nando Gorges, the lord proprietary of Maine, and from Robert T. Mason, who laid claim to New Hampshire. Randolph at once began to menace the t radf and the charter of Massachusetts, demand- ing of Gov. Leverett that the letter he bore from the king should "be read with all convenient speed to the magistrates." Leverett, however, pro- fessed ignorance of the signature of the secretary of state, whose name was affixed to the letter, and denied the right of parliament or king to bind the colony with laws adverse to its interest, receiving Randolph only as an agent of Mason. Randolph returned to England after six weeks' stay in the col- onies, and. by exaggerating their population four- fold, and their wealth to a still greater extent, in- duced the English government to retain him in its employment. In the course of nine years he made eight voyages to this country, eacli time taking back false reports of its condition and present ing stronger reasons for the taxation and oppression of the colonies. He was enrolled as collector of cus- toms in December, 1(579, end twice within the next three years visited England to assist in directing measures against Massachusetts. A writ of quo warranto was issued in July, 1683, Massachusetts was arraigned before an English tribunal, and in October Randolph arrived in Boston with the writ. In June. 1684. the charter was adjudged to be con- ditionally forfeited. He met Gov. Edmund Andros on 20 Dec., 1680, when the latter landed in Boston, and at once attached himself to the governor's st a ff. " His excellency," said Randolph, " has to do with a perverse people." He became secretary of New England the same year, and a member of the governor's council, and in 1688 carried off to Boston, from the secretary's office in New York, the archives of the Dutch governors, where they remained till Ki'.ll. In response to the complaints of the people Randolph replied: "It is not to his majesty's in- terest that you should thrive." The taxes were for public purposes, and Randolph persuaded the colo- nists to take out new grants for their lands, with the intention that when they should possess them in fee simple they should be subjected to extortion- ate taxation. But when the news of the accession of William and Mary reached Boston, 4 April. HIM'. I here was a " grand buzzing among the people in great expectation of their old charter." On the morning of the 18th Andros and Randolph were marched to prison. When the latter was released he went to Virginia, where he died.

RANDOLPH, Jacob, physician, b. in Philadelphia. 25 Nov.. 1796 : d. there. 12 April. 1836. His ancestor, Edward Pitz-Randolph. emigrated to this country from England in 1630. His father was an officer in the 4th Pennsylvania regiment during the Revolution, but subsequently became a member of the Society of Friends, and dropped the prefix from his family name. Jacob studied at the Friends' school, was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1817, and became surgeon on an American ship that was bound for Canton, China. Afterward he returned to Phila- delphia and settled in the practice of his profession in that city in 1822, in which year he married the daughter of Dr. Philip Syng Physiek. He was appointed surgeon to the Almshouse infirmary and lecturer on surgery in the Philadelphia school of medicine in 1830. From 1835 until his death he was a surgeon to the Pennsylvania hospital. He was in Europe in 1840-'42, spending most of his time in the surgical departments of the Paris hospitals. During his absence he declined the chair of surgery in Jefferson medical college. Dr. Ran- dolph became lecturer on clinical surgery in the University of Pennsylvania in 1843, and professor of that branch in 1847. Meanwhile he had acquired a wide reputation as a surgeon, and in 1831 intro- duced in the United States the operation of litho- tripsy. He was a member of the American philo- sophical society, of the Philadelphia college of physicians, and of the Philadelphia medical soci- ety, and was consulting surgeon to the Philadel- phia dispensary. He published several reports of successful operations for stone in the bladder by lithotripsy. History of a Case of Femoral Aneu- rism in which the Femoral Artery was tied for the Second Time in the Medical History of Philadel- phia." in the " North American Medical and Surgi- cal Journal " (1829), and a " Memoir of Philip Syng Physiuk " (Philadelphia, 1839). See a memoir of him by George W. Norris ( 1848). His great-nephew, Nathaniel Archer, physician, b. in Chadd's Ford, Pa., 7 Nov.. 1858; d. in'Longport, N. J., 22 Aug., 1887, was educated at Swathmore college, Pa., and at Cornell, and was graduated at the medical de- partment of the University of Pennsylvania in 1 ss2. The same year he was appointed assistant demon- strator and lecturer on anatomy there, becoming professor of hygiene in 1886. Dr. Randolph's early death by drowning cut short a brilliant career. He was a member of many scientific societies, a con- tributor to scientific periodicals, anil, with Samuel G. Dixon. published "Notes from the Physiologi- cal Laboratory of the University of Pennsylvania" (Philadelphia." 1885).

'''RANDOLPH. James Fitz''', congressman, b. in Middlesex county. N. J.. 26 June, 1791 : d. in Jersey City. N. J., 19 March. 1871. He was the defendant of Edward Fitz-Randolph. who emigrated to this