Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/82

62 ties, is president of the Boston farm-school, and a trustee of the National Peabody education fund and of the Peabody museum of archaeology. Mr. Lyman is a member of scientific societies both at home and abi'oad, and in 1873 was elected to the National academy of sciences. He has worked chiefly on radiated animals at the Museum of com- parative zoology in Cambridge, where since 18(50 he has been assistant in zoology. In that connec- tion he has published " Illustrated Catalogue of the Ophiurida3 and Astrophytidte in the Museum of Comparative Zoology " (Cambridge, 1865) ; " Supplement " (1871) ; " Report on OphiuridaB and Astrophytidfle dredged by Louis F. de Pourtales" (1869) ; " Old and New 6phiurida3 and Astrophytidas " (1874) ; " Ophiurida3 and Astrophytidas of the Hassler Expedition " (1875) ; " Dredging Operations of the U. S. Steamer ' Blake ' ; Ophiurans " (1875) ; " Prodrome of the Ophiurid;« and Astrophytidas of the ' Challenger ' Expedition " (part i., 1878 ; part ii., 1879) ; and " Report on the Ophiuridae dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the Years 1878-6 " (London, 1882 ) ; also various minor articles contributed to scientific journals, and " Papers relating to the Garrison Mob " (1870).

LYMAN, Theodore Benedict, P. E. bishop, b. in Brighton, Mass., 27 Nov., 1815 ; d. in Raleigh, N. C, 13 Dec, 1893. He was graduated at Hamil- ton, and at the General theological seminary in, was ordained deacon in Christ church, Balti- more, Md., 20 Sept., 1840. by Bishop Whittingham, and priest in St. John's church, Hagerstown, Md., 19 Dec, 1841, by the same bishop. He entered upon the charge of St. John's church, Hagerstown, in October, 1840, became rector of the parish in 1841, and occupied that post for ten years. In 1850 he accepted the rectorship of Trinity church, Pittsburg, Pa. In 1860 he removed to Europe, and was instrumental in establishing the American church in Florence and the American chapel, now St. Paul's church, in Rome. During his resi- dence abroad he was elected dean of the General theological seminary, but declined. Ten years later he returned to the United States, became rector of Trinity church, San Francisco, Cal., and held that office for three years. He was elected assistant bishop of North Carolina in 1873, and was conse- crated in Christ church, Raleigh, N. C, 11 Dec. 1873. On the death of Bishop Atkinson, in 1881, he became bishop of the diocese. With his con- sent the eastern part of the state was set off as a separate diocese in 1883. He received the degree of D. D. from St. James's college, Md.. in 1856, and by appointment of the presiding bishop, in 1886, took charge of the American Episcopal churches in Europe. Bishop Lyman has published a few occasional sermons and addresses.

LYMAN, William, legislator, b. in North- ampton, Mass., in 1753; d. in London, England, in October, 1811. He was graduated at Yale in 1776, in 1789 was a member of the Massachusetts senate, and was then elected to congress, serving from 2 Dec, 1793, till 3 March, 1797. He was ap^- pointed consul at London in 1805, and held the office for six years until his death.

LYMBURNER, Adam, Canadian merchant, b. in Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1746 ; d. in London in 1836. He came to Canada, established himself in Quebec as a merchant, and served for several years in the executive council of the prov- ince. In 1779 the English-speaking population employed Mr. Lymburner to visit London as their agent and urge upon the home government a re- vision of the colonial system on a constitutional basis. His mission resulted in the transmission to the governor of a draft bill that provided for the establishment of representative government in Canada. The bill was not satisfactory to the colo- nists in all its provisions, and was opposed by Mr. Lymburner at the bar of the house of commons.

LYNCH, Charles, soldier, b. in Virginia; d. near Staunton, Campbell co., Va., about 1785. He was the colonel of a regiment of riflemen that behaved with gallantry at Guilford. The term " lynch law " is said to have been derived from his practice of executing without trial the members of a band of Tory marauders that infested the newly settled country. Another account derives the term from the summary methods taken by a planter named John Lynch to rid the region of outlaws and escaped slaves who took refuge in the Dismal Swamp. This may have been Col. Charles's broth- er John, who founded the town of Lynchburg. Va., and who is said by some authorities to have been the original " Judge Lynch " : while others trace the phrase back to one Lynch who was sent to America to punish pirates about 1687, or to tlie mayor of Galway, Ireland, who in 1493 executed his own son for murder. A tradition of the Drake family of North Carolina ascribes the phrase to the precipitate hanging, to prevent a rescue, of a Tory named Maj. Beard on Lynch creek in Frank- lin county, N. C. When it was found that the Tories were not in pursuit, the captors went through the forms of a court-martial, and hanged the lifeless body in execution of its decree.— His son, Charles, b. in Virginia; d. near Natchez, Miss., 16 Feb., 1853, was governor of Mississippi from 1835 till 1837.

LYNCH, Isidore de, French soldier, b. in Lon- don, 7 June, 1755 ; d. in France, 4 Aug., 1841. He was sent for his education to the College of Louis- le-Grand, Paris. During the war of 1770 in India he was taken to that country by one of his uncles, who commanded a regiment of the Irish brigade, and after serving in the campaigns of 1770 and 1771 he returned to France. He then volunteered to aid the American colonists, and served first un- der the orders of Count d'Estaing. At the most critical moment of the siege of Savannah, Ga., D'Estaing, who was at the head of the right of one column, commanded Lynch to carry an urgent oi'der to the third column on the left. These col- umns were within grape-shot range of the intrench- ments of the English, and a tremendous firing was kept up on both sides. Instead of passing through the centre or in the rear of the column, Lynch rode through the front. In vain D'Estaing and those who surrounded him shouted to him to take an- other direction. He went on, executed his order, and returned by the same way. Being asked by D'Estaing why he took a path in which he was al- most certain to be killed, he replied : " Because it was the shortest," and then joined the part of the troops that were most ardently engaged in mount- ing to the assault. He was afterward employed in the army of Rochambeau, and continued to do good service up to the surrender of Cornwallis. After seeing some fighting in Mexico he returned to France in 1783, was named colonel of the 2d regi- ment in the Irish brigade, and received the cross of St. Louis. Although all his relatives in France were devoted to the Bourbons, he took service un- der the French republic, and commanded the in- fantry at the first battle of Valmy in 1792.

LYNCH, James Daniel, author, b. in Mecklenburg county, Va., 6 Jan., 1836. He was educated at the University of North Carolina, taught in Columbus and in West Point, Miss., in 1859-'62, and in the latter year joined the Confederate army.