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Rh translated into French as " Le eas du Docteur W. Pennock, ou contribution a I'histoire de la sclerose •en plaques disserainees " (Paris, 18G8). Dr. Pen- nock published, with Dr. William W. Gerhard. " Ob- servations on the Cholera of Paris " (Philadelphia. 1832), and edited the treatise of Bouillaud on the diseases of the heart (1837) and Dr. James Hope's " Treatise on Disease of the Heart and the Oreat Vessels " (1846).

PENNY, Virginia, author, b. in Louisville, Ky., 18 Jan., 1826. She was graduated at Steuben- viile, Ohio, female seminary in 1843, taught for nine years in that state, Illinois, and Missouri, and subsequently devoted herself to enlarging the in- dustrial sphere of women. She has written much •on the condition of the working classes. Her pub- lications include " The Employments of Women " (Boston, 1863) ; " Five Hundi-ed Occupations Adapt- ed to Women " (Philadelphia, 1868) ; and " Think and Act " (1873).

PENNY BACKER, Isaac Samuals, senator, b. in Shenandoah county, Va.. 12 Sept., 1807; d. in Washington, D. C, 12 January, 1847. He was edu- •cated at Washington college, Va., studied law at the Winchester law-school, settled in Harrisonburg, Va., and attained to eminence in his profession. He was elected to congress as a Democrat in 1836, served one term, and in 1839 became district judge. He declined the office of U. S. attorney general, which was offered him by President Van Buren, and subsequently that of justice of the supreme court of Virginia, and the nomination of the Demo- cratic party for governor. He was chosen U. S. senator in 1845, but died before the expiration cf his term of service.

PENNYPACKER, Elijah Funk, reformer, b. in Chester county, Pa., 20 Nov., 1804 ; d. in Phce- nixville, Pa., 4 Jan., 1888. He was educated in the private schools in Burlington, N. J., taught there, and subsequently engaged in land surveying in Phoenixville, Pa. He then became interested in real estate, was in the legislature in 1831-'5, chair- man of its committee on banks, and a principal mover in the establishment of public schools. In 1836-'8 he was a canal commissioner. He joined the Society of Friends about 1841, and thenceforth for many years devoted himself to the abolition movement, becoming president of the local anti- slavery society, and of the Chester county, and Pennsylvania state societies. He was an active manager of the " Underground railroad," and his house was one of its stations. With John Edgar Thompson he made the preliminary surveys of the Pennsylvania railroad. He aided the suffer- ing poor in Ireland in the famine of 1848, and sub- sequently identified himself with the Prohibition party, becoming their candidate for state treasurer in 1875. He was an organizer of the Pennsylvania mutual fire insurance company in 1869, and was its vice-president till 1879, when he became presi- •dent, holding office till January, 1887, when he re- signed. John (t. Whittier says of him : " In mind, body, and brave championship of the cause of freedom he was one of the most remarkable men I ever knew." — His nephew, Gralusha, soldier, b. in Valley Forge. Pa., 1 June. 1844, received an academical education, and at seventeen years of age entered the National army as a private. He was appointed captain in the 97th Pennsylvania volunteers in August, 1861, and major in October, served in the Department of the South, and was engaged in the operations in Florida, and against Charleston, S. C. He was wounded three times at Drury's bluff in May, 1864, was commissioned colonel in August, and in September was at the siege of Petersburg. He commanded a brigade in the 10th corps, and was wounded at Fort Harrison, and again at Darbytown road. He led his brigade in the final attack oti Fort Fisher, and received severe wounds, which confined him to the hospital until 1866. He was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers, 15 Jan.. 1865. for gallant service at the capture of Fort Fisher, was given that full rank, 18 Feb.. 1865, brevetted major-general of volunteers, 13 March, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious ser- vice during the civil war," and received the same brevets in the regular army on 2 March, 1867. He became colonel of the 34t'h U. S. infantry in 1866, and in 1883 was retired by reason of wounds re- ceived in action.

PENNYPACKER, Samuel Whitaker, law- yer, b. in PhcEnixville, Pa., 9 April, 1843. was edu- cated in his native town and at the West Phila- delfihia institute, served as a private in the 26th " emergency " regiment in 1863, subsequently read law, in which he was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1866, and in 1868 became presi- dent of the Philadelphia law academv. He is a member of the American Philosophical society, of several foreign societies, is a vice-president of the Pennsylvania historical society, and a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania. His collection of more than 2.000 volumes and manuscripts, mainly composed of early Pennsylvania imprints, is re- markable for its fulness in material relating to the German colonists of that state, and for the number of works it contains that were printed by Benja- min Franklin. He has compiled four volumes of " Reports of the Supreme Court," a " Supplemen- tary Index to the English Common Law Reports," with Samuel S. Hollingsworth and E. Greenough Piatt (^Philadelphia, 1879), and has aided in the preparation of nineteen volumes of the weekly notes of cases in the " Pennsylvania Law Reporter." He has also taken much interest in historical research, and has published " Annals of Phoenixville and its Vicinity" (Philadelphia, 1878); "The Pennypackcr Reunion "(1878); and " Historical and Biographi- cal Sketches," a collection of fugitive papers, many of which have been translated into Dutch and into German (1883).

PENROSE, Charles Bingham, lawyer, b. in Philadelphia, 6 Oct., 1798; d. in Harrisburg, Pa., 6 April, 1857. His father, Clement Biddle Pen- rose, was one of the three commissioners for the territory ceded by France to the United States. The son studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1821, and practised at Carlisle, Pa. He was elected as a Whig to the state senate in 1833. and was the speaker of the body at the time of the "buckshot war." In 1841 President Harrison appointed him solicitor of the treasury, which post he held until the close of Tyler's administration. Resuming the practice of the law, he subsequently removed to Philadelphia, was elected as a reform candidate to the state senate in 1856, and at the time of his death was serving in this office. He was one of the editors of Penrose and Watt's "Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (1832-'3). — His son, Richard Alexander Fullerton. phy- sician, b. in Carlisle. Pa.. 24 March, 1827. was graduated at Dickinson college in 1846 and at the medical department of the University of Pennsyl- vania in 1849. He was instrumental in having the wards of the Philadelphia hospital opened to medi- cal instructions, and was elected consulting sur- geon to the institution, where he began clinical lectures on diseases of women and children. He was for many years a successful private teacher in medicine, and in 1863 he became professor of ob-