Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/76

56 LUQUE, Fernando de (loo'-kay), Spanish cler- gyman, b. in Olvera, Andalusia, in 1484 ; d. in Panama in 1531. He left San Lucar, Spain, 14 July, 1514, and arrived on 20 June in the colony of Tierra Firme, with the bishop of Santa Maria de la Antigua and the governor, Pedro Arias Davila. After tire discovery of the Pacific and the removal of the capital to Panama, he was appointed canon professor of divinity of the cathedral in that city. When Pizarro and Almagro undertook the dis- covery of the large and fertile territories in South America, they associated themselves with Luque, who, as a person of great influence and ample means, was the best partner for the accomplish- ment of their enterprise. To win the good-will of the governor, Pedro Arias, Luque and his two companions lent him money for the expedition to conquer Nicaragua, and thus obtained permission for Pizarro to leave Panama for the exploration of Peru. On 10 March, 1526, Luque, Pizarro, and Almagro formed a contract of partnership. Luque advanced |20,000 in gold bars, and they agreed to take each one third of everything they could acquire, and also to enjoy equally all the honors that the sovereign might bestow upon them. Luque was the agent of the two adventurers and their adviser in the difficulties that arose from their undertaking. He counselled Pizarro to stay on the island of Gallo, when the latter was ordered to return to Panama. In the spring of 1528 he gave to Pizarro $1,500 in gold for a visit to Spain to obtain a royal charter. In 1529 Luque was ap- Eointed provisor and ecclesiastical governor of •arien, and after the interview between Pizarro and the queen he was nominated bishop of Tum- bez, and appointed universal protector of the Pe- ruvian Indians. On 6 Aug., 1531, Luque declared that the money he had advanced for the conquest of Peru belonged to Gaspar Espinosa (q. v.), and that the latter might claim his third. He died before his confirmation arrived from Pome.

LUSKiNAN, Jean Baptiste Alphonse, Canadian lawyer, b. in St. Denis, Quebec, 27 Sept., 1843; d. in Ottawa in 1892. He was educated at St. Hyacinthe college and at Laval university, Quebec, studied divinity for three years, and subsequently law, and was admitted to the bar of Lower Canada in December, 1868. Pie became assistant editor of the " Tribune " and of the " Journal de St. Hyacinthe " in 1863, in 1865 assistant editor of '• L'Union na- tionale," and the same year editor-in-chief of " Le Pays," the chief French newspaper of the Liberals of Montreal. In 1874 he became private secretary to Sir Antoine Aime Dorion, and afterward acted in a similar capacity for the minister of inland revenue. He was crown prosecutor at Aylmer, Quebec, in 1878, president of L'Institut Canadian PrauQais of Ottawa in 1881, and founded, in the spring of 1885, the St. Lawrence fishing company. He was elected a member of the Royal society of Canada in May, 1885, and was appointed secretary of the French section. He had published " La confederation, couronnement de dix annees de mauvaise administration " (Montreal, 1867) ; a continuation to Judge Ramsay's " Digest of Reported Cases " in Lower Canada (1872) ; and " Coups d'oeil et coups de plume " (Ottawa, 1884).

LUSK, John, soldier, b. on Staten island, N. Y., 5 Nov., 1734; d. near McMinnville, Tenn., 8 June, 1838. He began his military career, when he was about twenty years old, at the conquest of Acadia. He was present at the siege of Quebec, saw Gen. Wolfe fall on the plains of Abraham, and served in Arnold's expedition to Canada. He was en- gaged in the erection of Fort Edward, and was wounded there ; was at the battle of Saratoga, the surrender of Burgoyne, and also that of Cornwal- lis, and subsequently served under Wayne in the campaign against the Indians.

LUSK, William Thompson, physician, b. in Norwich, Conn., 23 May, 1838. He was for a time at Yale, in 1858-'61 studied medicine in Heidel- berg and Berlin, and on his return to the United States he served in the U. S. volunteer army in 1861-'3, and rose from the ranks to be assistant adjutant-general. He was graduated at Bellevue hospital medical college in 1864, afterward spent a year and a half in study in Edinburgh, Paris, Vienna, and Prague, and in 1865 began practice in New York. He was professor of physiology in Long Island college hospital from 1868 till 1871, in 1870-'l lecturer on physiology in Harvard medi- cal school, and became professor of obstetrics in Bellevue hospital medical college in 1871, and in the latter year editor of the " New York Medical Journal." He is a member of various British and American medical societies, has contributed to cur- rent professional literature, and is the author of " The Science and Art of Midwifery " (New York, 1881 ; enlarged ed., 1885), which has been trans- lated into several European languages.

LUSSAN, Raveneau de, French buccaneer, b. in Paris in 1663; d. in France. He belonged to a noble but impoverished family, and embraced a military career at the age of fourteen. In 1679 he embarked for Santo Domingo in search of fortune, but was unsuccessful, and joined the buccaneers under Cornelius Laurent (q. v.), sailing from Petit-Goave, 22 Nov., 1684. He soon left Laurent at the head of a band of his own, and in 1685 pillaged the town of Realejo in Guatemala. In 1686 his band took part in the capture of Grenada, and, not finding the booty they expected, set fire to the city. After this Lussan separated from the English pirates, but he joined them again for the purpose of attacking Guayaquil, which they took with much booty. Lussan and a part of his followers then sailed for Tehuantepec, which they captured, and went as far north as Acapulco. They returned to Mapala, a port north of Realejo, and deliberated on the route they should take to reach the Antilles. It was agreed to march to Nueva Segovia, a town situated on the Yara or Cape river, which empties into the Atlantic. Of this expedition Voltaire said: &ldquo;The retreat of the ten thousand will always be more celebrated, but is not to be compared to it.&rdquo; Lussan formed four companies, of seventy men each, and made them swear to observe the severest discipline. On 2 Jan., 1688, after praying together, and sinking their boats for fear they might fall into the power of the Spaniards, they began their march, and in ten days, during which they were almost constantly engaged in fighting superior numbers, they reached Nueva Segovia. One evening, in a defile surrounded by rocks of great height on which the Spaniards had intrenched themselves, the buccaneers sought hopelessly for a way of escape. Lussan proposed that, leaving eighty men to guard the sick, they should get in the rear of the mountains and then surprise the enemy. His advice was at first rejected, but was adopted when their case became desperate. They found a path which led behind the mountains, and, favored by a thick fog, they forced the intrenchments of the Spaniards and put them to flight. After this victory they chanted a Te Deum. They then descended the Yara on the wretched boats of the country, and came in sight of Cape Gracias-a-Dios on 9 Feb. Lussan embarked on an English lugger on 14 Feb., and reached Santo Domingo on