Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/723

Rh Almagro's return to Cuzco the latter recompensed his services by giving him the property of his brother Huascar. After Almagro took possession of Cuzco and captured the brothers Pizarro, Paullu, at the head of the Indians, aided Almagro to defeat the forces of Alonso Alvarado at Abancay. Paullu also took part in the battle of Salinas at the head of 6,000 Indians, and in 1539 he accompanied Gonzalo Pizarro in the war against the Indians of Charcas. Charles V. recommended him to the viceroy Blasco Nuñez Vela, and wrote to Paullu a letter expressing his gratitude. In 1543 he was baptized under the name of Cristoval, and he was buried in the church that he built in Cuzco.

PAUSCH, George, Hessian soldier, b. about 1740; d. in 1796. He was chief of the Hesse-Hanau artillery in the Burgoyne campaign. Little is known of him after Burgoyne's surrender. His signature appears on the Cambridge parole, now in the Boston public library. In 1786 the name of George Pausch is entered in the official calendar of Cassel as major in the regiment of light artillery. His name disappears from the calendar in 1796, so that it is probable he died early in that year or late in the year preceding. His journal, which was recently found in the state library at Cassel, is among the most valuable of the accounts of the German troops during the Revolution that have yet been discovered, inasmuch as it gives with great fulness of detail the difficulties that the Hessians experienced in passing through the countries on the lower Rhine and Holland to the seaboard. It details the fate and fortune of Pausch and his men from 15 May, 1776, the day they left Hanau, to the close of Burgoyne's last battle, 7 Oct., 1777. The journal also dwells freely on the personal experiences of its author and his men while in Canada, by which glimpses are obtained into the private life of the execrated Hessian soldiers. Regarding also the battles of Saratoga, Pausch's account is the first we have had of the part played by the Hesse-Hanau artillery in those actions, which well supplements that taken at the same time by the Brunswick infantry, as given in the &ldquo;Military Journals of Gen. Riedesel.&rdquo; The journal has been translated by William L. Stone, with an introduction by Edward J. Lowell (Albany, 1886).

PAVIE, Theodore Marie (pah*-vee), French explorer, b. in Angers in September, 1811. He travelled in early life in the United States, South America, and China. From 1852 till 1857 he was professor of Sanskrit in the College de Prance, but he resigned on account of ill health. His works include "Voyage aux Etats-Unis et au Canada" (6 vols., Paris, 1828–'33); "Choix de contes et nouvelles," translated from the Chinese (1839); "Fragments d'un voyage dans l'Amerique Meridionale en 1833" (Angers, 1840); "Scenes et recits des pays d'outre mer" (1853); "Recits de terre et de mer" (1860); and "Recits des landes et des greves" (1863).

PAVY, Octave Pierre, naturalist, b. in New Orleans, La., 22 June, 1844; d. at Cape Sabine, arctic regions, 6 June, 1884. He was graduated at the University of Paris, France, in 1866, studied medicine, and travelled extensively, making large collections in natural history. He became associated with Gustave Lambert in an arctic expedition projected by the French government in 1869, but it was prevented by the Franco-Prussian war, and Pavy, who was in New Orleans, returned to France and organized and equipped at his own expense an independent body of infantry and cavalry, composed of veteran soldiers and sailors of French parentage, who had been residents of North or South America. The death of Lambert and the state of France in 1871 again frustrated his plans, and he sailed for the United States, and, with the co-operation of the American geographical society, began preparations for an expedition to the north pole by way of Bering strait and Wrangel land. On the eve of its departure, in 1872, the sudden death of a financial associate of Pavy's in San Francisco caused its abandonment. He then completed his medical course in St. Louis, and in 1880 accompanied the "Gulnare" to the arctic regions as surgeon and naturalist, and remained in Greenland a year, making collections for the Smithsonian institution. In 1881 the Greely expedition arrived in Greenland with a special commission for Dr. Pavy as acting assistant surgeon, and, being requested by Lieut. Greely to act as naturalist to the expedition, he spent three years with the party at Lady Franklin bay. The northernmost point reached by him was beyond Cape Joseph Henry, in latitude 83° N. He made frequent sledge journeys to Lincoln bay and vicinity, and in 1883 discovered Pavy valley and Pavy river, between Cape Baird and Carl Ritterbay. The unprecedented health of the party during their three years of exposure, and the prolonging of their lives at Cape Sabine, after the perilous retreat of 1883, were due to Dr. Pavy. Sixteen days before the rescue of the survivors he died of starvation. His natural-history collections were left at Lady Franklin bay.

PAXON, Edward M., jurist, b. in Buckingham, Bucks CO., Pa., 3 Sept., 1824. His paternal ancestors came from Bycot House, Bucks co., England, in 1682, and settled in Pennsylvania. He received his education in Quaker schools. In 1843, in connection with Samuel D. Ingham and Dr. Phineas Jenks, he founded the Bucks county agricultural society. In 1843 he published and edited the "Newtown Journal," and later he was editor of the "Daily News" in Philadelphia. He afterward studied law, was admitted to the bar in his native county in 1850, and subsequently removed to Philadelphia, where he attained reputation. In 1869 he became judge of the court of common pleas of Philadelphia, and in 1874 was elected judge of the supreme court of Pennsylvania for a term of twenty-one years, and on 1 Jan., 1889, he will become chief justice by seniority of commission. He has edited "The Collection Laws of the Several States and the District of Columbia" (Philadelphia, 1855) and "Memoirs of the Johnson Family," printed privately (1855), contributed anonymously to newspapers and magazines, and delivered numerous agricultural, historical, and other addresses.

PAXTON, Charles, British commissioner, b. in 1704; d. in Norfolk county, England, in March, 1788. He was commissioner of customs in Boston, and, as the disputes with the crown and its agents increased, made frequent visits to London to complain of resistance to acts of parliament. He possessed "as much of the friendship of Charles Townsend as a selfish client may obtain from an intriguing patron," and was in the counsels of that minister when his plans relating to the colonies were devised and presented to the house of commons. John Adams says that he was "the essence of customs, taxation, and revenue," and that he appeared at one time "to have been governor, lieutenant-governor, secretary, and chief justice." As head of the board of commissioners in 1760. he directed his deputy in Salem to the courts for writs of assistance, under which the officers of the revenue were to have authority to enter and search all places that they should suspect contained smuggled goods. In 1769 Paxton and his associates were posted in the "Boston Gazette" by James Otis, and