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672 years, subsequently was in charge of the " Mission- ary Register of the Presbyterian Church," and in 1860 was joint editor of the " Missionary Record of the Lower Provinces." He was secretary of the board of home missions for several years, a member of the foreign missionary board, and a founder of the fund for the widows and orphans of ministers of the Presbyterian church. He has also engaged in archfeological studies, and made a large collec- tion of the remains of the aboriginal tribes of Nova Scotia. His publications include many essays, pamphlets, and addresses, and " Memoir of Rev. James McGregor, with Notices of the Colonization of the Lower Provinces of British North America " (Philadelphia, 1859) : " Memoirs of the Rev. S. F. Johnston, Rev. J. W. Matheson, and Mrs. Mary J. Matheson, with Selections from their Diaries and Correspondence " (Pictou, N. S., 1864) ; " The Doctrine of the Trinity, underlying the Revelation of Redemption" (Edinburgh, 1870); "History of the County of Pictou " (Montreal, 1877); "Mis- sionary Life among the Cannibals, being the Life of the Rev. John Gedderd " (1883) ; and the " Heathen World " (Toronto, 1884).

PATTERSON, James Willis, senator, b. in Henniker. N. H., 2 July, 1823 ; d. in Hanover. N. H., 4 May, 1893. He was graduated at Dartmouth, and studied divinity at Yale, but was not licensed to preach. He was tutor at Dartmouth, professor of mathematics there in 1854-'9,and occupied the chair of astronomy and meteorology from the latter date till 1865. lie was school commissioner for Grafton county in 1858-61, and at the same time secretary of the state board of education, and prepared the state reports for five years. He was in the legisla- ture in 1862, was elected to congress as a Republi- can in the same year, served till 1867, and in 1866 was chosen U. S. senator, serving one term, during which he was the author of the measure constitut- ing consular clerkships, and the bill for establish- ing colored schools in the District of Columbia, and was chairman of the committee on the District of Columbia and of that on retrenchment and re- form. At the close of the congressional investiga- tion of the Credit Mobilier (see Ames, Oakes) the senate committee reported a resolution expelling Mr. Patterson, 27 Feb., 1873 ; but no action was taken upon it. and five days later his term expired. He was a regent of the Smithsonian institution in 1864-'5, and was a delegate to the Philadelphia loyalists' convention in 1866. In 1877-'8 he was again a member of the New Hampshire legisla- ture, and in 1885 he was appointed state superin- tendent of public instruction in New Hampshire. Iowa college gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1868. In 1880 he was the orator at the unveiling of the soldiers' monument in Marietta, Ohio.

PATTERSON, John James, senator, b. in Waterloo, Juniata co., Pa., 8 Aug., 1830. He was graduated at Jefferson college. Pa., in 1848. edited the Juniata "Sentinel" in the interest of Gen. Winfield Scott in the presidential campaign in 1852. and for ten subsequent years the " Harrisburg Telegraph." He then engaged in banking and in the management of railroads, and in 1858-'61 was in the legislature. He served in the National army on Gen. Seth Williams's staff during the civil war. In 1869 he removed to South Carolina. He was elected to the U. S. senate as a Republican in 1872, and served one term.

PATTERSON, Joseph, banker, b. near Norris- town, Pa., 3 Feb., 1808; d. in Philadelphia, 25 Sept., 1887. His father. John, was a native of Ire- land, and his mother, Elizabeth Stuart, was the only daughter of Col. Christopher Stuart, an officer in the Revolutionary army, who was second in command at the storming of Stony Point. The son engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1842, when he became president of what is now the Western national bank. He afterward was largely engaged as a dealer and shipper of anthracite coal, and owned large collieries in Schuylkill county, but continued president of the bank till his death. On 15 Aug.. 1861, Mr. Patterson participated in the memorable conference in New York between Sec. Chase and representatives of the banking interests of Philadelphia, New York, and Boston. The secre- tary asked for a loan of $50,000,000 in gold to aid in defraying the expenses of the war. In view of the alarming condition of the nation's finances, the assembled bankers hesitated to accede to his re- quest. Then Mr. Patterson made an eloquent ap- peal in behalf of the government, convincing those present that they should furnish the needed money, and the associated banks of the three cities lent the government at that time $50,000,000 at par, and later in the same year $100,000,000 more. From that time the secretary was accustomed to consult ]Mr. Patterson regarding the financial policy of the government, and his successors in office fol- lowed his example. He declined the controller- ship of the currency twice, and also the post of assistant U. S. treasurer at Philadelphia. Through- out the civil war he was treasurer of the Christian commission. From 1869 until his death he was president of the Philadelphia clearing-house asso- ciation. — His son, Christopher Stuart, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 24 June, 1842, was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1860, admitted to the bar in 1865, and elected professor of the law of real estate and conveyancing in the University of Pennsylvania in 1887. He is the author of a " Memoir' of Theodore Cuyler " (Philadelphia, 1879), and " Railway Accident Law — the Liability of Railways for Injuries to the Person " (1886).

PATTERSON, Morris, philanthropist, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 26 Oct., 1809 ; d. there. 23 Oct., 1878. He was left fatherless at ten, and the rudi- ments of his business education were received at the Philadelphia public schools prior to his four- teenth year, at which age he entered business, to assist in the support of his mother. From dealing in coal he soon became interested in mining, and he was one of the pioneers in anthracite coal-mining in Schuylkill county, bringing his outputs to mar- ket in his own boats through the Schuylkill canal. He also established an extensive coal-trade in Pitts- burg and the west. He was one of the canvassers for stock of the Pennsylvania railroad, and one of its organizers and original stockholders. He was active in the affairs of the Presbyterian church, a humanitarian in his dealings with his workingmen, the founder of the Pennsylvania working home for blind men, and took active and substantial interest in philanthropic movements in Philadelphia.

PATTERSON, Robert, pioneer, b. in Bedford county, Pa., 15 March, 1753; d. in Dayton, Ohio, 5 Aug., 1827. He emigrated to Kentucky in 1775, joined the settlement at Royal Spring (now Georgetown), and assisted in building the fort which he subsequently defended. In October, 1776, he was one of seven men that set out for Fort Pitt to procure powder and ammunition, making the journey through the wilderness on foot and up the river in canoes. All the party were either killed or wounded by the Indians, Patterson received a blow from a