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648 Emmons being also published separately (Boston. 1861). He was one of the translators and editors of " Selections from German Literature " (Andover, 1839). He edited the " Writings of Rev. William Bradford Homer " (Boston, 1842), preparing an introductory essay for the second edition (1849); also " The Atonement,"' consisting of discourses of several divines, to which he prefixed an essay on the '• Rise of the Edwardsian Theory of the Atone- ment " (Boston, 1860). His other publications in- clude a sermon on " The Theology of the Intellect and of the Feelings " (Boston, 1850) ; an " Election Sermon" (1851); a pamphlet on "The Associate Creed of Andover Theological Seminary " (1883) ; and a volume of " Discourses on some Theological Doctrines as Related to the Religious Character " (Andover, 1885). He was associated with Austin Phelps and Lowell Mason in the compilation of " The Sabbath Hymn-Book" (New York, 1858), and, with Dr. Phelps and Daniel L. Furber, published '• Hymns and Choirs" (Andover, 1860), to which he contributed an essay on " The Text of Hymns."

PARK, James, iron-master, b. in Pittsburg, Pa., 11 Jan., 1820 ; d. in Alleghany, Pa., 21 April, 1883. He received a common-school education. and in 1837 began his business career. In 1862 he turned his attention to the manufacture of steel in Pittsburg, and his firm, Park, Brother and Co., was among the first to manufacture crucible cast- steel in the United States. He was one of the syn- dicate that purchased the patents of William Kelly, {q. v.), and so was interested in the introduction of the Bessemer process for converting iron into steel, becoming in 1866 a member of the Pneumatic steel association. In 1863 he was the first to introduce the Siemens gas-furnace into this country. He had a high reputation as a progressive leader among iron-masters, and was active in the American insti- tute of mining engineers. Mr. Park showed great courage in July, 1877, in facing the rioters during the labor troubles of the year, and making an ear- nest appeal to them at the Union depot. He was a trustee of the University of western Pennsylvania, chairman of one of the first law and order associa- tions in the United States, and a member of vari- ous religious and temperance bodies.

PARK, John, journalist, b. in Windham, N. H., 7 Jan., 1775 ; d. in Worcester, Mass., 2 March, 1852. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1791, was preceptor at Framingham academy in 1793, studied medicine, and was assistant surgeon in the British armv at Port au Prince, Santo Domingo, and from 14 Oct., 1799, till 6 July, 1801, surgeon of the U. S. ship " Warren." In 1803 he estab- lished at Newburyport, Mass., the " New England Repertory," a semi-weekly Federalist journal, which he afterward transferred to Boston. In 1811 he disposed of his newspaper and established at Bos- ton a high-school for young women, which he con- ducted with great success for twenty years. In 1814 he published the Boston " Spectator."

PARK, Roswell, educator, b. in Lebanon, Conn., 1 Oct., 1807; d. in Chicago, 111., 16 July, 1869. He entered Hamilton college, but left on receiving an appointment as a cadet in the U. S. military academy, where he was graduated in 1831. The same year he passed the final examinations at Union college, and received the degree of B. A. He was at once commissioned as 2d lieutenant of engineers, and employed on fortifications at New- port and Boston, and afterward on the Delaware breakwater until he resigned, 30 Sept., 1836. He was then appointed professor of cliemistry and natural history in the University of Pennsylvania, but in July, 1842, he resigned in order to fit him- self for the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal church. He was ordained priest in 1843, and taught in Annapolis, Md., for the next two years. In 1845 he became principal of Christ church hall, a classical school in Pomfret, Conn., which he con- ducted till 1852, when he was called to the presi- dency of Racine college. Wis., after previously de- clining the same office in Norwich university, Vt., which conferred on him the degree of D. D. in 1850. He served as president for seven years, and then as chancellor till 1863, when he went to Chicago and founded a literary and scientific school called Immanuel hall, of which he was rector and proprietor till his death. He published '• Se- lections of Juvenile and Miscellaneous Poems " (Philadelphia, 1836) ; " Sketch of the History of West Point " (1840) ; " Pantology, or Systematic Survey of Human Knowledge " (1841) ; " Handbook for American Travellers in Europe " (New York, 1853) : and " Jerusalem and other Poems" (1857).

PARK, Trenor William, lawyer, b. in Wood- ford, Vt., 8 Dec, 1823 ; d. at sea, 13 Dec, 1882. When he was three years old he was taken by his parents to Bennington, Vt., where he received a limited education, being compelled to labor from his childhood, but entered a law-office at the age of sixteen, and at twenty-one was admitted to the bar. He married a daughter of Hiland Hall, and when the latter was made chairman of the U. S. land commission in California, his son-in-law re- moved to San Francisco, attained eminence at the bar, and, engaging in real estate operations, ac- quired a large fortune. He took an active part as attorney of the vigilance committee in the repres- sion of lawlessness in San Francisco, was a candi- date for the U. S. senate, and increased his wealth through association with John C. Fremont in the control of the Mariposa estate and gold-mines. In 1864 he retired from business and returned to Bennington, but he soon embarked in banking and railroad enterprises, and undertook to establish direct communication by rail between New York and Montreal. He was part owner of the Emma mine in 1872, and was successful in a legal con- troversy that grew out of his management. He was for several years a director of the Pacific mail steamship company, and purchased a controlling interest in the Panama railroad, of which he was president from 1874 till his death. Mr. Park was active in the erection of the Bennington battle monument. He gave an art gallery to the Univer- sity of Vermont, and founded a free library and a home for destitute children at Bennington.

PARKE, Benjamin, b. in New Jersey, 2 Sept., 1777; d. in Salem, Ind., 12 July, 1835. He re- ceived a common-school education, and at the age of twenty removed to Lexington, Ky., where he studied law with James Brown, and was admitted to the bar. In 1801 he settled in Vincennes, Ind., and was soon afterward appointed attorney-general of the territory. He was a member of the first ter- ritorial legislature in 1805, and was elected a dele- gate to congress as a Republican, and re-elected at the close of the term, serving from 12 Dec, 1805, till 1 March, 1808, when he resigned on being ap- pointed judge of the U. S. territorial court for Indiana. In 1811 Judge Parke raised a company of dragoons, fought at the battle of Tippecanoe, and succeeded to the command of the cavalry. He befriended the public library at Vincennes. assisted in establishing Vincennes university, and was one of the principal founders and the first president of the Indiana historical society.

PARKE, John, poet, b. in Dover, Del., 7 April, 1754; d. near there, 11 Dec, 1789. He was edu-