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636 Canada, across the Rocky mountains, and thence to the sea-coast range. His report was published in the parliamentary papers of 1861. He published " The Solitary Hunter, or Sporting Adventures in the Prairies" (London, 1853).

PALMA Y ROMAY, Ramon (pal'-mah), Cuban author, b. in Havana in January. 1812 : d. there in January, 1860. He studied in his native city, en- gaged in teaching, and was at the head of several educational institutions, but in 1842 was admitted to the bar. His first poems were published in 1830. In 1837 he issued, with J. A. Echeverria, " Agui- naldo Habanero," a collection of essays and poems by the best Cuban writers. In the following years his novels " Una pascuaen San Marcos," " El colera en la Habana." and "El Ermitano del Niagara" were published. His drama " La vuelta del Cru- zado " was performed in 1837 with great success. Volumes of his poems have appeared with the titles " Aves de Paso " (1841) ; " Hojas caidas " (1843) ; and " Melodias Poeticas " (1846). A complete edi- tion of Raima's works was announced in 1861, but only the first volume has been published.

PALMER, Albert Gallatin, clergyman, b. in North Stonington, Conn., 11 May, 1813. He was ordained to the Baptist ministry in 1834, and, with the exception of brief pastorates in other places, he has spent his ministerial life in preaching to the Baptist church in Stonington borough, Conn. Madison university has given him the degree of D. D. Besides a large number of published ser- mons, he is the author of an " Historical (Centen- nial) Discourse " (1872) : and many poems, among them a translation of the " Dies Iras." He has is- sued a collection of these, with the title " Psalms of Faith and Songs of Life" (Hartford, 1884).— His son, Albert Marshman, theatre-manager, b. in North Stonington, Conn., 27 July, 1838, was edu- cated at private schools, and graduated at the law- school of the University of New York in 1860. Mr. Palmer never followed the practice of the law, but in 1869, and for several years afterward, served as librarian of the Mercantile library in New York city. In June, 1872, he assumed the management of the Union square theatre in New York, and continued there until 1882. In the spring of that year he retired and went to Europe, whence he returned in 1884 to assume control of the Madison square theatre in New York. This he continues to the present time. He is one of the founders of the " Actors' fund " of America, and was its president for several years.

PALMER, Alonzo Benjamin, physician, b. in Richfield, Otsego co., N. Y.,'6 Oct., 1815 ; d. in Ann Arbor, Mich., 23 Dec, 1887. He was educated in various schools and academies in New York state, and was graduated in medicine at the College of physicians and surgeons of the western district of New York in 1839. After attending lectures in that city and in Philadelphia in 1847-'50 he went to Tecumseh, Mich., and afterward removed to Chicago. In 1852 he served as city physician there during a severe cholera epidemic among emigrants from northern Europe, and in that year was ap- pointed professor of anatomy in the College of medicine and surgery of the University of Michi- gan. In 1854 he was transferred to the chair of medical therapeutics and diseases of women and children. In 1860 he was appointed to the pro- fessorship of pathology and practice of medicine, which he held at the time of his death. He became surgeon of the 2d Michigan regiment of infantry, and dressed the first wound that was inflicted % the enemy at Blackburn's Ford on 18 July, 1861, but he resigned in September, 1861, and returned to the University of Michigan. He afterward vis- ited the army occasionally as volunteer surgeon, and was president of the American medical associ- ation during the war. He was instructor of pa- thology and practice of medicine at Berkshire medical college, Mass., in 1864, and at Bowdoin in 1869-'70. He was president of the Michigan medical society in 1872-3, and of the section of pathology in the Ninth international medical con- gress in Washington. D. C, in 1887. He instructed nearly 10,000 medical students, and was active in building up the medical department of the Univer- sity of Michigan. From 1852 till 1859 he edited with others " The Penisular Journal of Medicine." He received the degree of LL. D. from the Univer- sity of Michigan in 1881. In addition to papers, reports, and clinical lectures, he published " Homoe- opathy, What is It ? A Statement and Review of its Doctrines and Practice " (Detroit, 1880) : " The Treatment of the Science and Practice of Medicine "' (New York, 1885) ; " A Treatise on Epidemic Cholera" (Ann Arbor, 1885); "The Temperance Teachings of Science " (Boston, 1886) ; and " Diar- rhoea and Dysentery : Modern Views of their Pa- thology and Treatment " (Detroit, 1887).

PALMER, Anthony, colonial governor, b. in England about 1675 ; d. in Philadelphia in May, 1749. He first engaged in business as a mer- chant in St. Michael's parish, Barbadoes, and in 1707, having purchased of Capt. George Lillington, of Barbadoes, a large tract of land in Philadelphia,, he removed to the latter place, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1730 he purchased the Pairman mansion, together with 129 acres of ground. He divided the land into smaller lots, letting them on ground-rent, and opening streets, and called the town Kensington. It is now the " Kensington district " of Philadelphia, and is the manufacturing centre of the city. Palmer lived on his estate in great style, keeping a coach, then a- luxury, and a pleasure barge, by which he made his visits to the city. In 1708 he was called to the provincial council of Pennsylvania, of which body he remained a member until his death, a period of more than forty years. On the resignation of Lieut.-Gov. George Thomas, who departed for Europe in May, 1747. the executive branch of the government devolved on the council, of whom Palmer was president, being the oldest in service, and he accordingly became head of the colony under the title of president of the council, and continued such for eighteen months, when he was superseded by the arrival of Gov. James Hamilton. His administration was a time of great anxiety. France and Spain were at war with England, and Spanish privateers frequently came into Delaware bay, plundered the coast, and sometimes ascended the river, threatening New Castle and Philadelphia itself ; yet the assembly, which was controlled by the Quakers, although urged repeatedly by Palmer and his council so to do, refused to make any appropriation for putting the province in a state of defence. But his government, acting independently of the assembly, was successful in organizing a considerable body of troops, and in erecting " batteries on the river, so situated and of such strength and weight of metal as to render it very dangerous for an enemy to attempt the bringing any ships before the city." His government also made treaties of friendship with the Indians of the Six Nations on the Ohio, and the Twightees on the Wabash, who had formerly been in the French interest. He was a justice of the peace and of the county courts of Philadelphia county from 1718 until 1732. for several years one of the judges of the court of common