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622 June. They were defended by Capt. Padilha with 150 men, but after an heroic resistance the vessels were captured. Padilha was dangerously wounded, taken prisoner, and executed the same day.

PADILLA, Diego Francisco (pah-deer-.vah), Colombian patriot, b. in Bogota in 1754 ; d. in Boyaca in 1829. He entered the order of St. Austin in his youth, and became one of the most famous preachers of his time. In 1785 he was sent as commissioner to the general chapter of his order in Rome, and was chosen to deliver the inaugural address before Pope Pius VI. Without making use of the customary license to read his address, he delivered it in Latin from memory with such eloquence and purity of language that the pope offered him any mitre he should choose, but Pa- dilla refused all honors. He returned to Bogota and gave himself entirely to his studies, preaching and writing treatises and pamphlets on matters of public interest, of which he published forty-nine before 1809. By the liberal principles that he ad- vocated therein he prepared the public mind for liberty. When Gen. Pablo Morillo (q. v.) conquered Colombia, Padilla was sent as a prisoner to Spain and confined for a long time in Seville and Cadiz. During the liberal movement of 1820 he was set at liberty and returned to his country, dying in Bo- yaca, where he had been appointed parish priest. PADILLA, Juan de, Spanish missionary, b. in Andalusia late in the 15th century ; d. in Mexico in 1539. He came to Mexico in 1528 with the first Franciscan friars, and was the first superior of the convent of Tulancingo. Afterward he went to Michoacan and Jalisco, where he converted nu- merous Indians and became superior of the convent of Zapotlan. In 1540 he accompanied his provin- cial, Marcos de Niza {q. v.), in the expedition of Francisco Vasquez de Coronado for the discovery of Cibola. On the return of the expedition, Padil- la, with Friar Jiuxn de la Cruz, remained in Tiguex to preach to the recently conquered tribes, and afterward penetrated farther north to convert the wild tribes, by whom he was murdered. He wrote under date of 17 Nov., 1532, a letter to the emperor Charles V. about the results of the missions of New Spain and the great merits of Bishop Juan de Zuraarraga, the original of which is in the archives of the council of the Indies. A facsimile was pub- lished in the " Cartas de Indias," printed by order of the Spanish government (Madrid, 1876).

PADILLA, Juan José, Central American scien- tist, b. in Guatemala late in the 17th century ; d. there about 1750. At an early age he was or- dained priest and became canon of the cathedral of his native city, but, being inclined to mathemati- cal pursuits, he gave all his spare time to that science and applied mechanics, in which he soon became proficient. He was fond of physical ex- periments and constructed various machines, es- pecially tower-clocks, of which he made several for the convents of the Jesuits and Recollets of Gua- temala and for the churches of Comayagua. He wrote " Arte de Aritmetica practica " (Guatemala, 1732); " Ortografia Latina y Castellana" (1733); and left in manuscript " Baratillo raatematieo, 6 Miscelanea de experimentos fisicos, de maquinas," " Tratado de hacer y componer Relojes," " Arte de Perspectiva," " Arte para saber las Lunaciones y Eclipses, con solo el uso de Aritmetica," •' Almana- ques para 85 afios desde el de 1735. arreglados al Hemisferio de Guatemala," " Cronieon de Guate- mala," and others, which are preserved in the ar- chives of the cathedral.

PADILLA Y ESTRADA, Jose Antonio de, Mexican archbishop, b. in the city of Mexico in 1696; d. in Merida, Yucatan, 20 July. 1760. He was of noble birth, but entered the order of San Augustine and was graduated at the University of Mexico as doctor in theology. He was professor of philosophy and theology and rector of the Col- lege of San Pablo, visiting secretary of the con- vents of Guadalajara and Habana, and prior of the main convent of Mexico. On account of some misunderstanding with his provincial, he resolved to go to Rome, but he was detained at Campeche and obliged to return to Mexico, where he was ap- pointed procurator for the courts of Rome and Madrid. In 1749, while at Madrid, he was pre- sented with the archbishopric of Santo Domingo, of which he took possession the following year. He introduced several reforms and repaired many churches. Afterward he was appointed to the see of Guatemala, but resigned, asking instead for that of Yucatan, which he obtained, taking possession on 7 Nov., 1753. There he repaired and reorgan- ized the seminary, founded a vice-rectory, imported two teachers for philosophy and theology, and did many charitable deeds.

PAEZ, José Antonio (pah'-eth), Venezuelan soldier, b. near Aearigua, province of Barinas, 13 June, 1790 ; d. in New" York city 6 May, 1873. He received a common-school education, and during his youth was em- ployed in menial pursuits by some of his relatives. At the age of sev- enteen, during a trip to deliver some money, he was waylaid in a wild region by four robbers, one of whom he killed on the spot. Be- ing afraid of the consequences, he fled to the llanos of Barinas and obtained employment on a cattle estate, where he became inured to a life of hardship. Two years later he entered the cattle-trade on his own account, and when independence was declared in 1810 he joined the patriot troops, serving till the beginning of 1813 in the province of Barinas. When Bolivar occupied Cucuta, Paez was called by the Spanish department-commander to collect a drove of horses, and was appointed captain ; but, unwilling to serve against his country, he fled across the mountains, and was given the same commission by the patriot government. When fresh Spanish forces arrived under Gen. Francisco Lopez, Paez refused to abandon Venezuela, and with only 500 cavalry routed Lopez at Mata de la Miel, 16 Feb., 1816. with the loss of 400 killed and 500 prisoners. For this he was promoted lieutenant-colonel by the Granadian government. At a meeting of the patriot officers several months later, Francisco Santander, the commander-in-chief, was asked to resign, and subsequently Paez was elected supreme political and military chief, and promoted to brigadier-general. His force consisted of 700 cavalry, destitute of clothing, provisions, ammunition, and even regular arms, poles of bamboo and slender palm-stems, pointed at one end. serving them as lances. They were hampered by a great number of old people, women, and children, who had been driven from their homes by the Spaniards, and by the condition of the country, which was converted