Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/659

Rh state Medical Society," and to the •' Pennsylvania Hospital Reports." A paper on " Some of the Sur- geons of the Last Century," read before tlie On- tario medical association, is printed in the " Cana- dian Practitioner " (February, 1888). — Another son, Lewis Richard, educator, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 22 Aug., 1836 ; d. in New Haven, Conn., 26 Oct., 1884, was graduated at Yale in 1854, travelled in Europe, and pursued an extended course of study at the University of Berlin, where he received the degree of Ph. D. On his return to the United States he studied theology, and in 1863 became assistant professor of the Greek language and literature in Yale college, and in 1866 professor. In 1888 lie was at Athens, Greece, in charge of the archaeological school that has been established there by the Ameri- can colleges. He wrote for periodicals and reviews, and, as a memorial of him, seven of his essays and lectures were collected and published under the title of " Studies in Greek Thought " (Boston. 1886).

PACKARD, Hezekiah, clergyman, b. in North Bridgewater, Mass., 6 Dec, 1761 ; d. in Salem, Mass., 22 April, 1849. He served in the Revolu- tionary war, became a farmer, and was graduated at Harvard in 1787. He was principal of the grammar-school in Cambridge in 1788, was assist- ant librarian in the college in 1789, and mathe- matical tutor there in 1789-93. In October, 1793, he was ordained pastor of the Unitarian church in Chelmsford, Mass., where he remained till 1802. He was subsequently minister at Wiscasset, Me., in 1803-'30, and at Middlesex Village, Mass., in 1830-'6. He originated the Bible society of Lincoln county. Me., the Eastern evangelical society, which existed for a few years, and was a member of tlie board of trustees and overseers of Bowdoin college for more than twenty years. He published " The Christian's Manual " (1801) and numerous sermons, including two on '• Federal Republicanism " (1799) and two on "Infant Baptism" (1815). — His son, Alpheus Spring, educator, b. in Chelmsford, Mass., 23 Dec, 1798 ; d. on Squirrel island, Me., 13 July, 1884, was graduated at Bowdoin in 1816, second in his class, and subsequently taught in Gorham and .Hallowell until 1819, when he re- turned to Bowdoin as tutor. In 1824 he was elected to the chair of Latin and Greek, which he then filled until 1865, holding also in 1842-5 that of rhetoric and oratory. He was appointed to the professorship of natural and revealed religion in 1864, and held that chair until his death, becoming also in 1883 acting president of the college. His college career of sixty-five years was longer than that of almost any other college officer in this country. Prof. Packard was ordained on 16 May, 1850, as a Congregational clergyman, and during the later years of his life was college chaplain. He was appointed librarian of Bowdoin in 1869, and held that office during the remainder of his life. He was an early member of the Maine historical society, and for forty-eight years its librarian and cabinet-keeper, and he held honorary membership in the historical societies of London and New York, and was a member of the American academy of arts and sciences. In 1869 Bowdoin gave "him the degree of D. D. His many writings include contributions to the " North American Review," the " Bibliotheca Sacra," and to the " Collections of the Maine Historical Society," and in book- form " Works of Rev. Jesse Appleton, with a Me- moir" (2 vols., Andover, 1836-7), and "Xeno- phon's Memorabilia of Socrates, with English Notes " (1839). He edited " History of Bowdoin, with Biographical Sketches " (Boston, 1882). See " Memorial : Alpheus Spring Packard," by George T. Little (Brunswick, Me., 1886).— Another son, Joseph, educator, b. in Wiscasset, Me., 23 Dec, 1812, was graduated at Bowdoin in 1831, and stud- ied at Andover theological seminary in 1833-'4. He was professor in Bristol college. Pa., in 1835-6, took orders in the Protestant Episcopal church in 1836-'7, and since 1836 has been professor of bibli- cal learning in the Episcopal theological seminary of Virginia, near Alexandria, of which he has been dean since 1876. The degree of D. D. was con- ferred on him by Kenyon college. Gambler, Ohio, in 1847. He wrote the commentary on Malachi that appeared in the American edition of Lange's conmientaries (New York, 1874), and was one of the American revisers of the Old Testament in 1870-'85. He has contributed articles to the Andover " Biblical Repository," and has published occasional sermons and addresses, including " Questions on the Gospels" (1855). — Alpheus Spring's son, Al- pheus Spring-, naturalist, b. in Brunswick, Me., 19 Feb., 1839, was graduated at Bowdoin in 1861 and at Maine medical school in 1864. Meanwhile he was volunteer assistant in 1861-'2 on the Maine geological survey, also studying natural history for three years under Louis Agassiz in Cambridge, part of which time he was Agassiz's assistant. In October. 1864, he was commissioned assistant surgeon of the 1st Maine veteran volunteers, and he served with the 6th corps of the Army of the Potomac until July, 1865. During 1865 he was acting custodian and librarian of the Boston society of natural history, after which he joined Alpheus Hyatt. Edward S. Morse, and Frederick W. Putnam in the establishment of the Peabody academy of science in Salem, of which he was one of the curators in 1868-'76, also serving as director of its museum in 1877-'8. In the winter of 1869-'70 he made zoological collections on the Florida reefs and at Beaufort, N. C, and in 1871 at Charleston, S. C, and he was state entomologist of Massachusetts in 1871-3. Prof. Packard was one of the instructors in the Agassiz science school at Penikese in 1873-'4, and was connected with the U. S. geological and geographical survey of the territories under Ferdinand V. Ilayden in 1875-'7. Meanwhile he delivered lectures on en- tomology at Massachusetts agricultural college in 1869-'77, at Maine state agricultural college in 1871, at Bowdoin in 1873, and on comparative anatomy at Bowdoin in 1876, and he was con- nected with the U. S. fish commission in 1871-'4. In 1878 he was called to the chair of zoology and geology in Brown university, which he has since filled. He was a member of the U. S. entomologi- cal commission during its existence in 1877-'82, making for it in 1877-'80 extensive tours in the western and Pacific states and the territories. His scientific work has been principally in the direction of entomology. In 1863 he proposed a new classi- fication of insects, which has since been generally adopted both in Eiirope and in this country. He discovered the morphology and mode of develop- ment of the ovipositor and sting of insects, the nature of the tracheas of insects, and has studied their external anatomy. His contributions to the natural history of the limulus, including the devel- opment and anatomy of the brain and nervous sys- tem, is considered of great value. In paleontology he has collected and described the post-pliocene fossils of Maine and Labrador, and the merostomata and Crustacea of the carboniferous formations of Illinois and Pennsylvania: and shown the close re- lationship of the trilobites to limulus. Prof. Pack- ard's writings have contributed to the extension of the evolution theory, and he advocates a modern