Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/649

Rh appointed deputy adjutant-general of militia at Toronto in 1886. He is the author of "A Manual for the Canadian Militia " (Toronto, 1880).

OTTERBEIN, Philip William, clergyman, b. in Dillenburg, Germany, 4 June, 1726; d. in Baltimore, Md., 17 Nov., 1813. He was ordained as a minister of the German Reformed church at Herborn, Germany, in 1749, and was one of the clergymen that were brought over in 1752 by Michael Schlatter under the auspices of the synod of North and South Holland to preach to the Germans of Pennsylvania. He was first settled at Lancaster, Pa. Otterbein was possessed of an ardent missionary spirit, and was a powerful orator. He made extensive tours, associated himself with revivalists of other churches, and adopted prayer-meetings, class-meetings, and open-air meetings in groves. He also encouraged eloquent laymen to pray and exhort, some of whom became regular preachers of various denominations. These new measures, borrowed in part from the practices of the Methodists, aroused opposition among the conservative members of his own and other churches. He left Lancaster for Tulpehocken in 1758, in 1760 went to Frederick, Md., and in 1765 was settled at York. Pa. In all his pastorates his novel methods excited antagonism. He was in Europe in 1770-'1, and after his return preached again at York until 1774, when he removed to Baltimore. His numerous disciples desired to form a new religious society, while he wished them to continue their church connections and labor for a revival of religion in the existing religious bodies. They could not induce him to sever his relations with the Reformed church, though a few weeks before his death he ordained a preacher for the new sect, which assumed the name of United Brethren of Christ.

OTTIGNY, Charles d ' , French soldier, b. in Cholet in 1524; d. in Florida in September, 1565. Entering the army in 1542, he served with credit in Italy, but later he became a Protestant and left the royal service. In 1562 he accompanied Jean Ribaut in his first voyage to Florida, and in 1564 he became lieutenant of Gov. Laudonnière, who had been commissioned by Admiral Coligny to found a French colony in Florida. They landed on 25 June, 1564, off the mouth of the river May, and, after an exploration in the interior by Ottigny, they began to build Fort Caroline. Ottigny afterward sailed up the river May (now St. John's river), for more than 100 miles, and opened intercourse with Outina, a chief, whom later he aided in a raid on the villages of Potanou. During the ensuing mutinies he several times saved Laudonnière's life. When the latter was removed by Jean Ribaut in August, 1565, Ottigny retained his office of deputy commander, and after the capture of Ribaut he refused to surrender to Pedro Menendez, but, taking refuge in the hills with a few followers, for several days waged a bloody war against the Spaniards. He was captured at last and slain, it is said, by Menendez. Laudonnière in his narrative acknowledges his indebtedness to Ottigny, whose fate was regretted by the French Protestants.

OTTO, Charles, Danish physician, b. in St. Thomas, W. I., 20 May, 1795; d. in Copenhagen, 13 May, 1879. He received his early education in St. Thomas, but finished his studies in Copenhagen, where he was graduated in medicine in 1819. He visited South America in 1825, 1829, 1834, and 1848, and published &ldquo;Phrenologien,&rdquo; in which the author made a particular study of the crania of the South American Indians (Copenhagen, 1825); &ldquo;Om Brændevinens fordærvelige Virkninger paa menneskens Legeme og Aand,&rdquo;

in which the author narrates the terrible effects of liquor on the Indian races of North and South America; and other works.

OTTO, John Conrad, physician, b. near Woodbridge, N. J., 15 March, 1774; d. in Philadelphia, 26 June, 1844. His great-grandfather, grandfather, and father were physicians. His grandfather came to this country from Germany in 1752, settled in Philadelphia, where he engaged in the practice of medicine, and during the winter of 1778 had charge of the hospital of the Continental army at Valley Forge. His father, Dr. Bodo Otto, was warmly attached to the patriot cause, sat in the senate of New Jersey, and served during the war as an officer in the Revolutionary army. The son was graduated at Princeton in 1792, and in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1796. In 1798 he was elected one of the physicians of the Philadelphia dispensary, and in 1813, on the death of Dr. Benjamin Rush, he was chosen to succeed the latter as one of the physicians and clinical lecturer of the Pennsylvania hospital, which post he held twenty-one years, and in connection with which he became extensively known throughout the United States. He was physician to the Orphan asylum for twenty years, and during many years to the Magdalen asylum. In the cholera epidemic of 1833 he was one of the twelve physicians that were chosen by the public authorities of Philadelphia to adopt sanitary measures and establish and conduct hospitals in the city, and at the organization of the sanitary board he was chosen its president. He was a fellow of the College of physicians, in which he held the office of censor, and from 1840 until his death that of vice-president, and was for many years a member of the American philosophical society. He published &ldquo;An Account of an Hemorrhagic Disposition in certain Families&rdquo; in the &ldquo;New York Medical Repository&rdquo; (1803), and another paper on the same subject in &ldquo;Coxe's Medical Museum&rdquo; (1805). It is said that these papers are the first that appeared on this subject. He was also the author of other medical papers. &mdash; His son, William Tod, lawyer, b. in Philadelphia, 19 Jan., 1817, was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1833, read law with Joseph R. Ingersoll, and removed to Indiana, where he was admitted to the bar. He followed his profession until 1844, and then held the office of judge of the district court of Indiana for six years, also serving for several years as professor of law in the University of Indiana, from which institution he received the degree of LL. D. In 1863 he was appointed assistant secretary of the interior of the United States, and he held the office until 1871, when he was appointed arbitrator on the part of the United States under the convention with Spain for settlement of claims of citizens of this country. In 1875-'82 he was reporter of the United States supreme court, in which capacity he published sixteen volumes.

OTTONI, Theophilo Benedicto (ot-to'-nee), Brazilian journalist, b. in Do Serro, 27 Nov., 1807 ; d. in Rio Janeiro, 17 Oct.. 1869. At the age of fifteen he composed sundry patriotic poems, which revealed a precocious talent. He began his studies in 1823 in Do Serro, in 1826 went to Rio Janeiro to finish them, and in 1828 entered the navy as a midshipman. While at the university he had became affiliated with the Liberal party, wrote in the "Astrea" under the pen-name of O joven pernambucano, and was a correspondent for the "Astro de Minas" and the "Echo do Serro," and a member and secretary of the secret " Club dos Amigos Unidos." In 1830 he resigned from the