Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/630

590 the military school at Turin, Italy, served in the war against Austria in 1859, and in August, 1861, came with his brother to the United States. While with the Army of the Potomac he performed va- rious daring services. During the seven days' fight before Richmond he brought in seventeen prisoners on the eve of the battle of Williamsburg. After returning to Europe he married his cousin, the eldest daughter of the Prince de Joinville. Subsequent to the fall of Sedan he joined Gen. Auguste Chanzy's staff under the assumed name of Robert le Fort, and fought with signal bravery during the rest of the war. He was appointed a major in the French army in 1871, but in 1883 his name was stricken from the rolls by a decree of the government, and in 1886 he went into exile with the other royal princes. — Another grandson, Louis Philippe Marie Fertliiiaiul Gtastoii, Count d'Eu, soldier, b. in Neuilly, France, 28 April, 1842, is the son of the Due de Nemours, Louis Philippe's second son. He was brought up in exile, educated in England, and entering the military service of Spain in December, 1859. served in Morocco on the staff of Field-Marshal O'Donnell, and was deco- rated on the field of battle for bravery. He next entered the artillery college at Segovia, and was graduated in April, 1863. He was promoted captain shortly afterward, and served in various regiments till February, 1864, when he was compelled by ill- ness to take leave of absence. On 15 Oct., 1864, he married at Rio Janeiro the princess imperial Donna Isabel de Bragan§a, eldest daughter and heiress pi'esumptive to Dom Pedro II., emperor of Brazil. He was made a field-marshal in the Bra- zilian army in July, 1865, and took part on the emperor's staff in the successful campaign of that year against Paraguay. On 22 March, 1869, he was appointed commander-in-chief of all the Brazilian forces on land and water, which since 1864 had been at war with Francisco Solano Lopez (q. v.), president of the republic of Paraguay. He as- sumed the command at Luque, a village near Asuncion, on 16 April, 1869. By a series of suc- cessful manoeuvres the enemy were driven from their positions, nearly the whole of the Paraguayan territory was occupied, and Lopez being killed the war was ended. The Count d'Eu, by order of the government of the emperor, gave up the command- in-chief of the forces on 16 April, 1870, and re- turned to Rio Janeiro on 29 April. He has held since November, 1865, except while on leave of absence, the post of commander-general of the Brazilian artillery, and president of various com- missions. In 1874-'6 he presided over the Bra- zilian national exhibition commission for arrang- ing the exhibition at Rio Janeiro in 1875 and selecting exhibits for the Centennial exhibition at Philadelphia. In 1883 he was president of a com- mittee for calling a general conference on the im- provement of education. Owing to financial and legislative difficulties, the intended conference did not take place, but the labors of the committee resulted in the collecting and printing of a large number of reports that were prepared for the con- ference, as well as in the holding of an Interna- tional pedagogic exhibition at Rio Janeiro on 29 July, 1883, and ultimately in the establishment of a National educational museum in the capital. Since 1867 he has been president of the Brazilian polytechnic institute, and since 1883 of the Society for providing shelter and education to destitute children through establishing agricultural asylums and of the National museum of education. — The Prince de Joinville's son, Pierre Philippe Jean Marie, Duke of Penthievre, naval officer, b. in Prance, 4 Nov., 1845. was educated at the College of Edinburgh, and on 14 Oct., 1861, was admitted to the U. S, naval academy, then at Newport, R. I., under the name of Pierre d'Orleans. He was graduated in 1863, and commissioned as acting en- sign, but was on leave of absence during his four- teen months' service. Resigning his commission on 30 May, 1864, he served in the Brazilian navy for two years, and subsequently made a voyage round the world. After the return of his family to France, he served as an officer in the French navy until he was deprived of his commission by the decree against the princes.

ORME, William Ward, soldier, b. in Wash- ington, D. C, 17 Feb., 1832; d. in Bloomington, 111., 13 Sept., 1866. He was educated at Mount St. Mary's college, Emmettsburg, Md., removed to Illinois, and settled in the practice of law in Bloom- ington. He was a member of the State constitu- tional convention in 1860, raised the 94th Illinois regiment at the beginning of the civil war, was appointed its colonel, and became brigadier-general of volunteers, 29 Nov., 1862. Failure of health soon compelled his retirement, and he was subse- quently supervising agent in the U. S. treasury.

ORMOND, Cesar Venceslas d' (or'-raong), French missionary, b. in Bagneres de Bigorre in 1689 ; d. in Bordeaux in 1741. He was a Jesuit, and came in his youth to South America, where he was attached for twenty years to the missions of Chili and Paraguay. He disapproved of the Indian policy of the Spanish Jesuits, advocated the estab- lishment of a kind of feudal system in which the Indians should not be slaves, but clients, and had already begun the experiment in his own mission, but the authorities expelled him from the country and petitioned Rome to censure him. Ormond, on his return to France, separated from the order and settled on his paternal estate near Bordeaux, and died there. His papers were seized and destroyed by the authorities immediately after his death, and it is said that several important works concerning the establishments of the Jesuits in South America were thus lost. Among his published works are "Voyage a travers les missions du Paraguay et du Chili" (Bordeaux, 1738) and "Coup d'oeil historique sur les Aldces Indiennes " (1740).

ORMSBY, Stephen, congressman, b. in Vir- ginia in 1765 ; d. in Louisville, Ky., 6 Sept., 1846. He received a liberal education, studied law, and was admitted to the bar, but removed to Kentucky, where he engaged in the early Indian wars, and was a brigadier-general under Gen. Josiah Harmar in the campaign of 1790. He subsequently re- turned to his profession, attained eminence at the bar, and became a circuit judge. He was elected to congress as a Democrat in 1810. served one term, and was defeated for the 13th congress, but his successful competitor, John Simpson, was killed at the battle of the River Raisin before taking his seat and Ornisby succeeded him.

ORMSBY, Waterman Lilly, engraver, b. in Hampton, Windham co.. Conn., in 1809 ; d. in Brooklyn. N. Y., 1 Nov., 1883. He received a public-school education, removed to New York city, and was for many years an engraver there. He invented several ruling-machines, transfer-presses, and other implements that are used in bank-note engraving, a machine for engraving on steel called the "grammagraph," and one for splitting wood. He was a founder of the Continental bank-note company, which during the civil war and afterward executed a large amount of work for the U. S. government ; and the peculiar design of the five-dollar bank-note was largely the result of Mr.