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580 brotherhood, or Irish republican brotherhood, was organized by him in 1860. The object of the association was to secure the freedom of Ireland. The name was probably derived from O'Mahony's Gaelic studies, the Fenians having been a military body in pagan Ireland, celebrated in the songs of Ossian. The organization of the new society was completed at conventions that were held in Chicago in 1864, and in Cincinnati in January, 1865. Its rapid growth in membership rendered it impossible for O'Mahony to retain the colonelcy of the 69th regiment, which he had held for some time, and resigning he gave all his attention to the spread of Fenianism. Many differences occurred between him and James Stephens, but he remained president of the organization for several years. The close of the civil war in the spring of 1865 gave a great impetus to the movement, owing to the number of Irish-American soldiers that were disbanded and anxious to see service elsewhere. Money poured into the Fenian exchequer; probably $500,000 was subscribed between 1860 and 1867. O'Mahony did not take any part personally in the attempted insurrection in Ireland or in the raids on Canada, although his advice counted for much in these enterprises. He devoted the last years of his life to literary pursuits, but suffered from ill health and poverty. However visionary may have been his objects, he was honest, and although thousands had passed through his hands, he was often at a loss for a dollar. When his poverty was discovered he declined to receive assistance in any shape. Soon after his death his remains were taken to Ireland and interred with the honors of a public funeral in Glasnevin cemetery near Dublin.

OÑA, Pedro de (on'-yah), Chilian poet, b. in Confines, Araucania. about 1571 ; d._ in Lima about 1620. He was the son of an officer that died in the war against Arauco under the leadership of Garcia Hurtado de Mendoza {q. v.), and when young Oila had finished his studies in Lima in the College of San Felipe and the University of San Marcos, he resolved to celebrate the heroic deeds of the Span- ish warriors in Arauco in an epic poem. He specially glorified Garcia Hurtado, whom he con- sidered slighted in Ercilla's poem " Araucana," and although many contemporaneous authors attack Ona's poem as over-partial to Hurtado, others, like Lope de Vega, Francisco Figuero, and Diego Mejia, praise it very highly ; and it cannot be denied that the versification is excellent, the language beautiful, and the historical facts concise. The work appeared in nineteen cantos under the title " Aravco Domado " (Lima, 1596), of which edition copies are in the Lenox library, and in that of Mrs. Car- ter Brown, of Providence ; of a second edition (Madrid. 1605) there is a copy in the National li- brary in Lima, and from this an edition was printed (Valparaiso, 1849), which has made this poem widely known. Ona also wrote a poem, "Temblor de Lima año 1609 " (Lima, 1609), sev- eral sonnets, and another, rather tedious but well versified, heroic poem in praise of St. Ignacio de Loyola, " Ignacio de Cantabria " (Seville, 1689).

ONDEGARDO, Polo (on-day-gar'-do), Spanish historian, b. in Spain about 1500; d. in Peru about 1570. The exact date of his arrival in Peru is un- known. According to William H. Prescott, when Gov. Pedro de la Gasca {q. v.) arrived to suppress the usurpation of Gonzalo Pizarro, Ondegardo was one of the judges of the audiencia, which had sub- mitted to the usurper, but he always counselled moderation, and when the extreme party gained the ascendant, Ondegardo joined the army of Gasca and accompanied him till the battle of Sacsahuana, 9 April, 1548. Gasca appointed him governor oi Charcas, and under the Marquis de Canete he be- came governor of Cuzco, whence, by the viceroy's order, he removed the mummies of the incas to Lima. He was a student of Peruvian antiquities, and. gaining the good-will of the Indians, he was able to study their history, religion, and customs, of which he wrote two interesting accounts — the first to the Marquis de Cafiete in 1561 ; the second was furnished ten years later: but neither was printed, the manuscript remaining in the archives of Simancas and the Escorial. Prescott copied them from the collection of Lord Kingsborough, and used them for his " History of the Conquest of Peru." During the rebellion of Francisco Her- nandez Giron, Ondegardo accompanied Alvarado as connnander of infantry in the battle of Chuquinga in 1554, where Alvarado was totally defeated. Hi& name does not appeal- again till the government of Francisco de Toledo, when he is mentioned as one of the men of science consulted bv that viceroy.

ONDERDONK, Henry Ustick, P. E. bishop, b. in New York city, 16 March, 1789; d. in Phila- delphia, Pa., 6 Dec, 1858. He was graduated at Columbia in 1805. went to Europe, and studied medicine in London and Edinburgh, receiving the degree of M. D. from the University of Edinburgh. On returning home, he entered upon the practice of his profession in New York city, and was asso- ciated with Dr. Valentine Mott in editing the " New York Medical Journal." A few years later he studied theology under Bishop Hobart, was- ordained deacon in St. Paul's chapel. New York, 8 Dec, 1815, by his preceptor, and priest in Trinity church, New York, 11 April, 1816, by the same bishop, and became missionary in Canandaigua, N. Y., and vicinity. In 1820 he accepted a call to St. Ann's church, Brooklyn, where he remained until his election to the bishopric. He was conse- crated assistant bishop of Pennsylvania in Christ church, Philadelphia, 25 Oct., 1827, received the degree of S. T. D. from Columbia in the same year, and on the death of Bishop White, in 1836, became the bishop of Pennsylvania. In 1844, under the pressure of painful circumstances, he sent in his resignation to the house of bishops. The resigna- tion was accepted, but, as informal charges of intemperance were admitted by Bishop Onderdonk, he was sentenced to a suspension of " all public exercise of the offices and functions of the sacred ministry, and in particular from all exercise what- soever of the office and work of a bishop in the church of God." Two years before his death this- suspension was removed, and he was allowed ta pass away in peace. Bishop Onderdonk was a very able writer, and defended the claims of his church with great energy and success. His publications were " Appeal to the Religious Public of Canandaigua" (1818); "Episcopacy tested by Scripture," a tract (1830), afterward enlarged to a volume entitled " Episcopacy Examined and Re-examined," in reply to Rev. Albert Barnes's strictures (Phila- delphia, 1835) ; " Essay on Regeneration " (1835) ; "Family Devotions from the Liturgy " (1835) ; and " Sermons and Charges" (2 vols., 1851). He con- tributed numerous papers to medical as well as theological journals, and was also entitled to be ranked among church poets. A dozen or more hymns and metre psalms were written by him, and included in the collection of the Protestant Episcopal church. — His brother, Benjamin Tredwell, P. E. bishop, b. in New York city, 15 July, 1791; d. there, 30 April, 1861, was graduated at Columbia in 1809. He was oi'dained deacon in St. Paul's chapel. New York, 2 Aug.. 1812, by Bishop Hobart