Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/570

530 NOGRÉ, Vincent de (no-gray), French administrator, b. in Blois in 1629; d. in Paris in 1694. He was the son of a judge in the parliament of Paris, and, after studying law. was admitted to the bar, but as his voice was weak he accompanied his cousin, De Maisonneuve, the agent of tlie Montreal company, to Villemarie as his secretary, which post he retained from 1653 till 1663. Maisonneuve never undertook anything without consulting him, and on several occasions he helped the company out of difficulties in questions of jurisdiction with the governor-general of the colony. When in 1659 the Viscount d'Argenson came on a visit to Villemarie and demanded the keys of the fortress. Nogre suggested to Maisonneuve a practical course by which the latter Avas enabled to retain control of the fort without offending the governor-general. Returning to France in 1661, Nogre sought in vain for several years to recover his salary, which was in arrears, and refused brilliant offers from the Hundred associates, as he claimed that the protection afforded by the company and the crown to the settlers was inadequate, and would cause the loss of the colony. His memoirs to the king on the state of the colony of Canada caused a sensation, and the members of" the Montreal and Hundred associates companies, fearing that his revelations would be injurious to them, persecuted him, destroyed the copies of his works, and caused several pamphlets to be printed in reply. Nogre's principal works are "Exposé de l'etat de la colonie de Villemarie depuis sa fondation jusqu'en 1660" (Paris, 1667) and "Histoire des etablissements fondes par les Français dans la Nouvelle France du Nord depuis sa decouverte par Jacques Cartier jusqu'a l’administration du Vicomte d'Argenson, avec un recit des guerres soutenues eontre les Hurons, les Algonquins et les Iroquois" (2 vols., Amsterdam, 1675).

NOIROLERC, Albert Paul Charles de (nwar-clare), Canadian administrator, b. in Three Rivers in 1721 ; d. in Cayenne in 1779. He was descended from the early settlers of Canada, and his great-uncle had been a missionary among the Hurons. He entered the provincial administration of Que- bec, and served afterward in Louisiana, being governor of Mobile in 1763, when he was appointed the king's lieutenant at Cayenne. The secretary of state, the Duke de Choiseul, being deeply affected at the loss of Canada, had prepared plans for the foundation of the " France equinoxiale du sud " in Guiana, and Noirclerc was summoned to Versailles to consult with the colonial department. The governor of Guiana was then Chevalier Turgot, a brother of the philosopher, and as he disapproved of the duke's schemes he forbade Noirclerc, upon the latter's arrival in Cayenne, to carry them out, and sailed a few days later to lay a memoir before the king. During his absence a convoy of 900 emigrants from Alsace and Lorraine arrived in Guiana, and Noirclerc, notwithstanding the advices of experienced citizens, established them 125 miles from the capital. The place was unhealthy, as the ground was lower than the level of the sea, in part inundated during the rainy season, and surrounded by marshes. The emigrants complained, and becoming uneasy during an epidemic of fever fled to Cayenne, and were furnished a passage home in spite of Noirclerc's protestations. The latter was soon afterward summoned to Versailles to explain his conduct, which he easily justified to the Duke de Choiseul, and was promoted colonial intendant. He returned to Guiana with 300 emigrants, whom he established in the deserted settlements of Saint Louis in 1769. Through his unremitting efforts, the colony prospered somewhat during his administration, but succumbed to the same causes tliat ruined the first establishment, and soon after Noirclerc's death the place was abandoned. Noirclerc published "Observations sur la resine elastique de Cayenne" (Paris, 1767); "Memoire sur la colonie de la France Equinoxiale du Sud" (1768); and "Memoire sur la maniere d'assembler, de preparer et de conserver les vege- taux tropicaux " (1774).

NOLTE, VINCENT, merchant, b. in Leghorn, Italy, in 1779; d. after 1852. He became a merchant in Leghorn and afterward in Hamburg, but went to Paris in 1804, and made several visits to the United States as agent of a commercial house between that year and 1838, travelling widely over the country, and residing here for several years at a time. He was long in New Orleans, and was an eye-witness of the British defeat there in 1815. This and his other experiences in this country he describes in "Fifty Years in Both Hemispheres" (English translation, New York, 1854). He devoted himself to literature for some time in Trieste, and in 1848–'9 edited the "Deutsche Freihafen," a free-trade journal, in Hamburg. He contributed to the press on finance and political economy, and among other works published "View of the Commercial World in 1846"; and a revised edition of William Benecke's "System of Insurance" (Hamburg, 1852). NOORT, Olivier Van (nort), Dutch navigator, b. in Utrecht in 1568; d. after 1621. Some merchants of his country equipped an expedition to go to the South sea by the Strait of Magellan, and Noort received the command. He left Rotterdam on 13 Sept., 1598, touched at Rio Janeiro, but was driven back, and along the coast suffered many losses by the attacks of the Indians. He resolved to winter in the deserted island of Santa Clara, whence he sailed again on 2 June, 1599. On the 29th he discovered an island near the coast of Patagonia, and stopped there to repair damages. On 23 Nov. he entered the Strait of Magellan, and landed on the northern coast, where he was attacked by the Indians and suffered many losses. Soon afterward he anchored among the Penguin islands, and subsequently he discovered the bays of Olivier, Mauritius, and Henry, but could not explore the latter on account of the ice. On 6 Feb. he left the Strait of Magellan, and, entering the South sea, sailed along the Chilian and Peruvian coasts, pillaging and burning as he went, and capturing several Spanish ships. The viceroy, Luis Velasco, sent a fleet to capture him, but Noort sailed for the Ladrone group. He pillaged the Philippines, visited Java and Borneo, and, sailing round the Cape of Good Hope, arrived at Rotterdam, 26 Aug., 1601. A narrative of his voyage was published under the title of &ldquo;Beschrijving van de moeyelyke reis rondo m de werldaar de globe, door Olivier van Noort, waarin zyne vreem de lotgevallen in voorkomen&rdquo; (Amsterdam, 1612; German translation by Gotthard Arties, Leipsic, 1613; French translation, Antwerp, 1613).

NORDHEIMER, Isaac, educator, b. in Memelsdorf, Germany, in 1809; d. in New York city, 3 Nov., 1842. After receiving a thorough education preparatory to becoming a rabbi, he entered the gymnasium of Würzburg in 1828, was transferred to its university in 1830, and completed his studies at Munich, where he obtained the degree of Ph. D. in 1834. To secure a wider field, Dr. Nordheimer came to New York in 1835, and received the appointment of instructor in sacred literature at Union theological seminary, where he remained from 1838 till 1842. He held the professorship of Hebrew and cognate languages at the University