Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/522

482 NAVARRA Y ROCAFULL, Melchor de (nah- var'-rah), Duke de la Palata, viceroy of Peru, b. in Aragon about 1625 ; d. in Portobello, 13 April, 1691. He was appointed viceroy of Peru, and sailing from Cadiz, 28 Jan., 1681, entered Lima on 20 Nov., and received the government from Arch- bishop Linan y Cisneros {q. v.). On 20 Feb., 1684, he issued a decree to protect the Indians against oppressive church taxes, and reorganized the Uni- versity of San Marcos, in Lima. During his govern- ment Edward David {q. v.) and other pirates in- vaded the Pacific sea in 1684, and began hostilities that lasted four years, and cost $1,610,000. including the expense for the fortifications of Lima. In October, 1687, there was an earthquake that de- stroyed the city and nearly all the churches, and the viceroy and his wife did everything to aid the victims, expending in a year more than |60,000 from their own resources. He tried to persuade the archbishop and the clergy to contribute to the reconstruction of the churches, and the royal treas- ury gave $20,000 for the repairs of the cathedral, but neither the prelates nor the clergy aided the government in this work, and Archbishop Linan especially opposed the authority of the viceroy. His appointed successor, the Count of Cailete, died on the voyage from Acapulco to Paita, and in his place the Count of Monclova was sent, who entered Lima and received the government on 15 Aug., 1689. Navarra stayed in Lima until 1691 to await an investigation of his administration, and then sailed for Spain to occupy the presidency of the council of Aragon, but died on the journey.

NAVARRETE, Domingo Fernando (nah-var- ray'-teh), Spanish R. C. bishop, b. in Pefiafiel in 1610 ; d. in Santo Domingo in December, 1689. He became a Dominican in 1630, was a missionary in New Spain from 1646 till 1648, afterward in Manila for nine years, and then went to Macas- sar and to Canton. He was imprisoned in 1665, but escaped to Macao in 1669, went to Rome, and published a pamphlet against the Jesuit policy in China, which received the pope's approbation (1673). He travelled through Europe, refused the bishop- ric of China, and was appointed in 1677 archbishop of Santo Domingo, where he was conspicuous by his humane policy toward the Indians. He also labored to improve the island, promoted the build- ing of high-roads and bridges, founded schools, erected churches, and in many ways contributed to the welfare of the people. He published " Tra- tados historieos, politicos morales y i-eligiosos de la Monarquia de China" (Madrid, 1676); "Epis- tola ad fratres ordinis in America " (Seville, 1687) ; and several other works on Cliinese institutions.

NAVARRETE, Manuel Maria de, Mexican poet, b. in Zamora, Mechoacan, 18 June, 1768 ; d. in Tlalpujahua, 17 July, 1809. He studied Latin in Mechoacan, but in consequence of family mis- fortunes was obliged to begin business in Mexico. He entered the order of San Francisco in the con- vent of Quei'etaro at the age of nineteen years, and resuming his studies was soon graduated in philoso- phy. Thence he went to Morelia and afterward to Rio Verde and Silao as a missionary, and was ap- pointed parish priest of San Antonio de Tula, where he gave his leisure time to poetry. His first com- positions appeared in the " Diario de Mexico " in 1805. The literary society called " La Arcadia Mexicana " invited him to become a member, and as such he continued writing under the pen-name of " Anfriso." His " Poema de la Divina Provi- dencia " was printed in Mexico in 1808. He died as superior of the convent of Tlalpujahua, and be- fore his death burned his manuscripts, but some of them were preserved and, together with the poems that appeared in the " Diario," were published under the title of " Entretenimientos Poeticos" (Mexico, 1823 ; Paris. 1825).

NAVARRETE, Martin Fernandez de, Span- ish historian, b. in Abalos, Rioja, 9 Nov., 1765; d. in Madrid, 8 Oct., 1844. He studied in Calahorra in 1774-'7, and then in Bergara till 1780, and en- tered the navy in the latter year. He was a lieu- tenant in 1783, resigned in 1788, and determined to devote his life to historical research. He ob- tained admission to the archives of Simancas, the Escurial palace, and those of several monasteries, and discovered among the manuscripts of the Duke del Infantado the sea journals of Columbus. Re- entering the navy in 1793, he served in Toulon, and became in 1807 attorney of the admiralty court. At the time of the French invasion he wa» professor in the College of Santo Isidro, and fled to Cadiz in 1813, resuming his functions in the ad- miralty in 1815. He left many manuscripts, which were published after his death, and have laecome standard works on Spanish and South American history. His principal writings are " Resumen del descubrimiento de los Espaiioles en las costas de California " (Madrid, 1802) ; " Colleccion de Viajes y descubrimientos que hicieron por mar los Espa- noles desde fines del Siglo XV." (7 vols., Madrid, 1825-'65) ; and " Colleccion de documentos ineditos para la historia de Espana" (8 vols., Madrid, 1842-'67).

NAVARRO Y PRADO, Antonio, Spanish naval officer, b. in Madrid. 20 April, 1527 ; d. in Saint Sebastian, Spain, in 1598. He was a grandson of Pedro Navarro, Count Oliveto entered the royal navy in early life, and served in It- aly and the Neth- erlands. Accord- ing to Pablo Mel- lado he accom- panied the naval forces under Pe- dro Menendez de Aviles to Florida in 1565, took part in the expulsion of the French col- onists that termi- nated with the capture of Fort San Mateo, was promoted about 1570 vice-admiral, and in 1579 raised by Philip II. to the rank of admiral-in-chief of the naval forces of New Spain. In 1580, leaving Carthagena on the Spanish main, he met with a terrific storm which disabled and separated him from his fleet, and in this condition he was attacked by three French corsairs, which he vanquished. — His direct descendant, José Francisco de Navarro, merchant, b. in Saint Sebastian, Spain. 20 March, 1823, came to the United States in 1841, and re- ceived his English education at the Jesuit college in Baltimore. In 1844 he went to South America, but he returned to the United States after ten years' residence there and in Cuba, and founded a large commercial house in New York. In 1863 he established the first steamship line to South America, which carried the mail for ten years, un- der a liberal subsidy from the U. S. government and that of Brazil. In 1878, with George M. Pullman and Cornelius K. Garrison, he built tha Metropolitan elevated railroad in New York city.