Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/521

Rh third time in 1887. In his particular line, pictorial satire, Nast stands in the foremost rank, and his talent in that respect has been productive of some excellent results, as in the overthrow of the Tweed ring in New York city. He has always been a Republican, but in 1884 he gave the Democratic candidate his support. Mr. Nast's friends in the U. S. army and navy presented him in 1879 with a testimonial in the shape of a silver cup.

NAST, William, clergyman, b. in Stuttgart, Germany, 15 June, 1807. He was educated at the University of Tübingen with a view to entering the ministry, but preferred literary pursuits, and after his graduation was connected with the press. Mr. Nast emigrated to the United States in 1828, taught at the U. S. military academy, and subsequently became a professor in Kenyon college, Ohio. He united with the Methodist Episcopal church in 1835, was licensed to preach, and at the conference of that body in 1837 was appointed to establish a German mission in Cincinnati, Ohio. He proved so successful in that enterprise that in the course of twenty years German Methodist churches were established in almost every state in the Union, and in various parts of Germany, Norway, and Sweden. Since 1859 he has edited the German publications of the Methodist church, and since 1840 has been in charge of the &ldquo;Christian Apologist,&rdquo; the organ of his branch. He has translated a large number of religious works into German, and is the author of &ldquo;Christological Meditations&rdquo; (Cincinnati, Ohio, 1858); a commentary on the New Testament in German (1860); the &ldquo;Gospel Records&rdquo; (1866); &ldquo;Christologische Betrachtungen&rdquo; (1866); and &ldquo;Das Christenthum und seine Gegensätze&rdquo; (1883).

NATIVIDADE, Jose da (nah-te-ve-dah'-deh), Brazilian clergyman, b. in Rio Janeiro, 19 March, 1669 ; d. in the monastery of Sao Bento, 9 April, 1715. He entered the Benedictine order, became an eloquent preacher, and^such an excellent logician that he was named Subtil. He took his degree as doctor of theology at the University of Coimbra, and on his return to Brazil became abbot of the monastery at Bahia, and afterward provincial. He left three printed sermons and a book of canonical regulations and moral reflections, which are in the Imperial library.

NAU, Jacques Jean David, called L'OLONNOIS, French buccaneer, b. in Sables-d'Olonne, France, about 1634; d. on the coast of Colombia, in 1671. The surname, by which he is best known, was derived from his birthplace. He entered the merchant service when very young, and, after spending several years in the Antilles, joined the buccaneers in 1653. He won the admiration of his companions by his reckless bravery, was soon in command of a vessel, and his captures were so valuable and numerous that he was styled the &ldquo;scourge of the Spaniards.&rdquo; His first successes were followed by calamities, and he lost all he had won in a shipwreck, but the governor of Tortuga, who profited by his enterprises, furnished him with another vessel. He then attempted a descent on the coast near Campeche, but was defeated. His followers were taken or slain, and he escaped only by smearing his body with blood and lying among the dead, afterward reaching Tortuga in a boat, assisted by some slaves whom he had promised their freedom if they would aid him. He was soon off the coast of Cuba, and with two canoes, manned by twenty-five men, he captured a Spanish vessel with ten guns and a crew of ninety. He killed all his prisoners except one, whom he sent to the governor of Havana with a

message, saying that he would treat all Spaniards in the same way, and that he would never be taken alive. Returning to Tortuga in 1666, he joined Michel Le Basque, another freebooter, and the reputation of the two buccaneers attracted so many followers that they were able to arm six vessels manned by 400 men. After taking several prizes, they captured the defences of Maracaibo, and forced the city to pay a heavy ransom. They then sailed for the harbor of Gonaives, in Santo Domingo, where they divided their booty, more than 400,000 crowns. Nau soon squandered his share, and formed the plan of capturing Grenada on the Lake of Nicaragua in 1668. First directing his course to the southern coast of Cuba, where he surprised several canoes, he attempted to gain Cape Gracias-á-Dios, but the currents drove him into the Gulf of Honduras. He pillaged some villages on the coast and took several vessels, but his booty did not equal his expectations, though he committed frightful cruelties on the inhabitants to make them discover where they had hidden their gold, and he lost many of his men. In 1670 he wished to attack the city of Guatemala, but his followers did not second him, as it was too well defended, and, after losing three months in inaction, they nearly all left him. He was shipwrecked shortly afterward in the only vessel that remained to him on the rocks of Pearl-Key, but out of the materials of his ship built a sloop, in which he reached the mouth of San Juan river. On attempting to land he was attacked by Indians and defeated with loss. After this check more of his followers abandoned him, and he was shortly afterward captured and eaten by cannibals on the coast near the Gulf of Uraba.

NAUDAIN, Arnold, physician, b. near Dover, Del., 6 Jan., 1790; d. in Odessa, Del., 4 Jan., 1872. His grandfather was a French Huguenot, who emigrated to lower Delaware early in the history of that colony. Arnold was graduated at Princeton in 1806, and at the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1810. During the war of 1812 with Great Britain he was surgeon-general of the Delaware militia. He was speaker of the state house of representatives in 1826, was elected to the U. S. senate as a Whig in 1830, and served in that body till his resignation in 1836. He was collector of the port of Wilmington, Del., from 1841 till 1845, but removed at the latter date to Philadelphia, and practised his profession in that city for several years.

NAVAILLES, Charles (nah-vi'-e), French pilot, b. in Dieppe about 1270; d. there about 1330. The French and some German authors name him as the discoverer of South America, where he is said to have landed in 1302, near the mouths of the Amazon. Alexander von Humboldt asserts that in the beginning of the 14th century there was a legend in Europe of a large continent far away in the Atlantic ocean where there was a gigantic river that had been discovered by a Dieppe pilot, and Ludovico Muratori, in discussing the origin of the report, claims that the custom-houses of Modena and Ferrara after 1306 exacted an enormous duty on dye-woods, known under the name of Brasilly, which came from a continent in the Atlantic ocean that had been discovered by a Dieppe pilot named Navailles. Antonio Capmany, in his history of the trade of the Catalonians, also narrates the discovery of Navailles, and asserts that he brought home some dye-woods that were formerly unknown in Europe, and that the Dieppe mariners for nearly a century had the monopoly of this trade, as they alone knew where to get them.