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Rh ton, Princeton, Germantown, and the Brandywine. In 1791 he was coniinissioned justice of the peace, the only political office he ever beld. — His brother, James, also served in tlie same war. as captain of a company in the Pennsylvania troops.

MURRAY, John, clergyman, b. in Alton, Hamp- shire, England, 10 Dec, 1741 ; d. in Boston, Mass., 3 Sept., 1815. He removed with his parents in his eleventh year to Cork, Ireland. Under the influ- ence of Gfeorge Whitefield and the Wesleys he be- came a convert to Methodism, and was an occa- sional preacher in that connection. He returned to England in 1760, adopted the doctrines of Uni- versalism as taught by James Relly, and was excom- municated at Whitefield's tabernacle in London. He emigrated to this country in 1770, and preached in Newport, R. I., Boston, Mass., Portsmouth, N. H., and several other New England cities, in some of which his peculiar doctrines subjected him to op- position and occasionally to violence. At Glouces- ter, Mass., where he settled in the latter part of 1774, he was suspected of being a disguised spy of the British government, and a vote was passed by the town authorities ordering him to leave, but by the exertions of his friends he was permitted to remain and to preach. He was chaplain to the Rhode Island brigade that was encamped before Boston in 1775, and was on intimate terms with several of its officers, including Nathanael Greene and James Varnum, who united in petitioning Washington to permit him to remain in that capacity, when the rest of the chaplains urged his removal. This connection was soon severed by Murray's delicate health. After a severe illness he returned to Gloucester and established a Universalist society. In 1783 he was plaintiff in an action to recover property belonging to persons of his denomination which had been appropriated to the expenses of the original parish of Gloucester on the ground that the Universalists were not legally vested with civil and corporate powers. The decision of the court in his favor established an important princi- ple in the constitution of religious societies. He participated in the proceedings of the first Uni- versalist convention, which met at Oxford, Mass., in 1785, and adopted the name of Independent Christian Universalists. For many years after- ward he was a delegate to similar meetings. He made a brief visit to England in 1788, and from 1793 until his death was in charge of a society in Boston. From his activity in disseminating his opinions he is styled the " father of Universalism in America," but his doctrines differed essentially from those that are now recognized by that de- nomination. He accepted the doctrine of the Trinity, and believed in God as one " indivisible first cause," in a personal devil, and orders of angels. His fundamental doctrine as a Universal- ist was that Christ literally put away the sin of the whole world, but he distinguished between universal salvation and universal redemption by fixing degrees of punishment that were to be in- flicted before the final judgment, after which all the world, he believed, would be saved. His pub- lications include " Letters and Sketches " (3 vols., Boston, 1812) and an "Autobiography" (1813, with a continuation by his wife, 1816 ; 8th ed., with additions, 1860 ; 91 h ed., with notes by Rev. George L. Demorest, 1870). — His wife, Judith Sarg-ent, author, b. in Cape Ann, Mass., in 1751 : d. in Natchez, Miss., 6 June, 1820, was a sister of Gov. Winthrop Sargent, and after the death of her first husband, whose name was Stevens, married IMr. Murray in 1788. She possessed literary ability, contributed to the " Massachusetts Magazine " and the " Boston Weekly Magazine " under the pen-name of " Constantia," and edited the " Re- pository and Gleaner " (3 vols., Boston, 1798) and her husband's autobiography (1816).

MURRAY, John, clergyman, b. in Antrim, Ireland, 22 May, 1742 ; d. in Newburyport, Mass., 13 March, 1793. He was educated in Edinburgh, came to this country in 1763, and held Presbyterian pastorates in Philadelphia, Boothbay, Me., and Newburyport, Mass. He possessed great oratorical powers, which he used in the patriot cause, and on one occasion raised a full company of volunteers for the Continental army in a few hours. He also exercised much influence over his congregation as a moralist, was an acknowledged political power, and on several occasions was instrumental in effect- ing the exchange of prisoners. He published " Ser- mons on Justification " (1780) and " Sermons on the Original Sin Imputed" (1791).

MURRAY, John, British soldier, b. in St. James, Jamaica, about 1774; d. in Brighton, Eng- land, 21 Feb., 1862. He entered the army as en- sign of the 37th regiment in 1792, served creditably in the Netherlands, and was wounded and taken prisoner at Ostend. When the 100th regiment was raised he was appointed its lieutenant-colonel, and was sent with it to Canada, where he became in- specting field-officer of militia, and in that capaci- ty led the advance corps in the Niagara district to keep in check a superior force of Americans. He subsequently took Fort George, cleared the penin- sula of the enemy, and carried Fort Niagara by assault in December, 1813, taking the commandant and the greater part of the garrison prisoners. In 1815 he returned to England, but he soon removed for the benefit of his health to France, where he remained many years.

MURRAY, John Clark, Canadian educator, b. in Paisley, Scotland, 19 March, 1836. He was edu- cated at the universities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Heidelberg, and Gottingen, and contributed to "Chambers's Cyclopaedia" and to various periodicals in Great Britain. In 1862 he was appointed pro- fessor of mental and moral philosophy in Queen's university, Kingston, Canada, and in 1872 he ac- cepted the same chair in McGill university, Mont- real, which he now (1888) fills. He has published " An Outline of Sir William Hamilton's Philoso- phy " (Boston, 1870) ; " The Ballads and Songs of Scotland" (London, 1874); "Memoir of David Murray " (Paisley, 1881) ; " Plandbook of Psychol- ogy" (London, 1885); and "Solomon Maimon, an Autobiography," translated from the German, with notes and additions (1888).

MURRAY, John O'Kane, historian, b. in Glenariffe. County Antrim, Ireland, 12 Dec, 1847 ; d. in Chicago, 111.," 30 July, 1885. He came to the United States with his parents in June, 1856, and graduated at St. John's college, Fordham, N. Y. He also studied medicine in the University of the city of New York, and, until his health failed, practised in Brooklyn, N. Y. He contributed largely to Roman Catholic periodicals, and seldom allowed a public attack upon his church or her institutions to go unanswered. He did much to have objectionable references to the Roman Catholic church ex- punged from many popular text-books. For years he devoted from twelve to sixteen hours a day in study and writing, and this was more than he could endure. The last five years of his life were spent in vain endeavors to rid himself of consumption, which he had contracted from severe study and confinement. He was conversant with six languages, and possessed scientific, historical, and literary knowledge. His books have had an extensive