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Rh slavery, of the death-penalty for political crimes, and of several fiscal monopolies, the liberty of the press, and the reform of the civil code. In 1852 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the vice-presidency of the republic; but when the Liberal party lost power he returned to journalism, and, except during the short time that he occupied the state executive of Santander, he sustained an energetic opposition to the Conservative government. When President Ospina was overthrown, and the federation proclaimed by the constituent convention of Rio Negro, 4 Feb., 1863, Murillo was appointed minister to Europe, and afterward to the United States. While in the latter country he was elected president of the federation for the term of 1864-'6, and during his administration, which was noteworthy for its conciliatory spirit and progress, the first telegraph-lines were established. He was elected to the Federal senate after his term as president had expired, and for his constitutional opposition to some arbitrary measures of President Mosquera he was arrested with others, by order of Mosquera, on the dissolution of congress in March, 1867. After the deposition of Mosquera, 25 May, 1867, Murillo was a member of the legislature of Cundinamarca, and afterward for a short time again minister to the United States and judge of the supreme court, and in all these posts he was notable for his consistent adherence to the doctrines that he had proclaimed as a journalist and legislator. He was again a candidate for the chief executive, and, aided by part of the Conservative party, was elected president for the term of 1872-'4. His successor, Santiago Perez, although belonging to the opposite party, sent him as minister to Venezuela to arrange the pending question of boundaries according to the proposal of Guzman Blanco. As Murillo controverted with great ability on all the points that were brought up by the Venezuelan commissioner, no treaty could be agreed on. Murillo was again elected senator in 1878, and occupied his seat in the next session of congress, but sickness prevented him from attending in 1880, and he died in the same year.

MURO Y SALAZAR, Salvador de (moo -ro). Marquis of Someruelos, governor of Cuba, b. in Madrid, Spain, in 1754; d. in 1813. He entered the army when he was very young, and served in the war against France during the first French re- public. In 1799 he was appointed governor-gen- eral of Cuba. During his term of office, which lasted until 1812. he devoted his energy to the wel- fare of the country. The vaccine virus was intro- duced, the practice of burying in the churches was abolished, the establishment of public cemeteries on the island was carried out, many new towns were founded, and other reforms introduced.

MURPHEY, Archibald Debow, jurist, b. in Caswell countv, N. C, in 1777 ; d. in Hillsborough, K C, 3 Feb., 1832. He was graduated at the Uni- versity of North Carolina in 1799, filled the chair of ancient languages in that institution for three years, and then studied law, was admitted to the bar, and obtained a large practice. He was a judge of the superior court in 1818-'20, and a member of the state senate in 1812-'18. As chairman of the committee on public education he recommended in 1817 a system that embraced common schools, academies, and a university. He also advocated extensive internal improvements, and published " A Memoir of Improvements Contemplated, and the Resources and Finances of the State " (Raleigh, 1819). He compiled " Reports of Cases in the Su- preme Court of North Carolina, 1804-'13 and 1818-'9 " (3 vols., 1821-6), and labored for many years on a history of the state, for which he was authorized by the legislature to raise money by a lottery, but he published only one or two chapters treating of the Indians.

MURPHY, Blanche Elizabeth Mary Annunciata Noel, author, b. in Exton Hall, England, about 1850; d. in North Conway, N. H., 22 Mareh, 1881. She was the eldest daughter of the Earl of Gainesborough, and. when she was twenty-one years old, married Thomas T. Murphy, a young Irishman, her father's organist. The earl opposed the match, but finally allowed the marriage to take place from his house. Lady Blanche then went to London with her husband, and afterward came to the United States, where he secured a place as organ- ist in a church, and she devoted herself to litera- ture. After her marriage she maintained a friend- ly correspondence with her father. The most strik- ing of her articles were a series of essays on English social life that were published in the "Galaxy," but she discontinued them upon hearing that they gave offence to English people. To the " Catholic World " she contributed articles on the historical aspects of the Roman question, besides many short stories and sketches, which have been collected in separate volumes. To " Lippincott's Magazine" she furnished sketches of travel that were after- ward published in an illustrated volume. She also wrote for other periodicals, and at the time of her death was preparing a series of articles on the Greek inscriptions of Mount Athos. See a letter from Cardinal Manning to the Earl of Gainesbor- ough in the " Catholic World " for October, 1887.

MURPHY, Edward, Canadian reformer, b. in County Carlow, Ireland, 26 May, 1818. He came to Canada with his parents in 1824, and settled in Montreal, where he has been for many years en- gaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1840 he aided in establishing in Montreal the earliest Irish Roman Catholic temperance society in Canada, and has been ever since one of the chief advocates of total abstinence in the Dominion. He was commissioner of the census for Montreal in 1861, director of the city and district savings bank in 1862-76, and its president in 1877-'86. In 1879 he was appointed harbor commissioner, and in 1882 he became cheva- lier of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre. He has taken an active part in the transactions of the natu- ral history and the numismatic and antiquarian societies of Montreal, and is governor of the JNlon- treal general hospital and of Notre Dame hospital. He is also a Roman Catholic school commissioner for Montreal, and founded the Edward Murphy annual prize for the encouragement of commercial education in that city.

MURPHY, Henry Cruse, lawyer, b. in Brooklyn, N. Y., 5 July, 1810; d. there, 1 Dec, 1882. He was graduated at Columbia in 1830, and while studying law began to contribute to the press. He was admitted to the bar in 1833, became assistant corporation counsel in 1834. and soon afterward city attorney and counsel to the corporation. He became in 1835 a partner of John A. Lott and soon obtained a large practice, at the same time contributing to the '• Democratic " and the " North American " reviews, and taking an active part in state politics as a Democrat. In 1841 he became a proprietor and one of the editors of the Brooklyn " Daily Eagle," and in the following year he was elected mayor of the city. In that office he effected important retrenchments in the financial administration, and introduced useful public improvements, especially the warehouse system on the water-front. Before the end of his term he was elected to congress, and, taking his seat in that