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388 study of art under his brother Thomas in Philadel- phia. He went to London in 1863, studied the English masters, and has spent his subsequent professional life in Philadelphia. He became a member of the Artists' fund society of Philadel- phia in 1867, and in 1868 of the Pennsylvania academy of design. He has devoted much time and study to etching, and has attained to the first rank in that art. Among his works are "Santa Barbara Mission," " On the Road to Santa Fe," " The Challenge," " Wolves on the Buffalo Trail," and " Pueblo of Zia," New Mexico. — Edward's son, Percy, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1862, was suc- cessful as an artist at an early age by a series of water-color sketches of figure subjects. He has studied under his father, in London, in Phila- delphia, in the National academy of design. New York city, and for four years in Paris. He ex- cels in portraying female heads and figures, and his touch is crisp and decided. Among his recent paintings are " Divided Attention," for which he received the first prize at the New York academy of design in 1886 ; " A Corner of the Studio " : " The Wood-Cutter's Daughter " ; " The Duet " ; " Afternoon Tea " ; •' The Miller's Daugh- ter " ; " The Dancing Lesson " ; and " A Japanese Fantasy." His exhibitions at the Academy of de- sign include " I am Ready " (1886) and " The Re- hearsal for the Ball " (1887). — Another son of Ed- ward, Leon, artist, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1863, studied under his father and in England and France. He then settled in New York city, and took high rank among the younger members of his profession. He has exhibited numerous paintings at the National academy, which include " Way- laid" (1885): an "Interrupted Conspiracy" (1886); and " An Amateur " (1887). Among his most suc- cessful works are " The Duel." " An Idyl," " Eel- Fishing," and " Intercepted Dispatches."

MORANVILLE, John Francis, French missionary, b. in Cagny, France. 19 July, 1760; d. there, 17 May, 1824. He entered the seminary of Saint Esprit in 1778, and was ordained priest in 1784. He was sent immediately afterward to Cayenne, where he applied himself to the instruction of the slaves. His influence among the negroes was of the greatest benefit to the colony, and in 1792 the authorities, in order to retain him, per- suaded him to take the oath that was prescribed in the civil constitution of the clergy. He did so under the belief that it was simply a declara- tion of obedience to the constituted authorities. Learning afterward that the oath was condemned by his church, he published an energetic retrac- tion and embarked for Demerara on a Dutch ves- sel. He was pursued by a French ship, but ar- rived safely. As the authorities in Cayenne de- manded his surrender, he sailed for the United States, which he reached early in 1795. He taught for a time in Baltimore, and was then given charge of St. Peter's church. He had a profound knowl- edge of ecclesiastical music and did much to im- prove the condition of the choirs in Roman Catho- lic churches, reforming the choral services, for which he composed hymns in English and appro- priate music. His best-known hymn is " Sion, re- joice with Grateful Lays." He is regarded as the creator of the religious chant in the Roman Catho- lic church of the United States. He visited France in 1801, but after a few years returned to Baltimore, and was appointed pastor of St. Pat- rick's church. He soon acquired a reputation for eloquence, and his church could not contain the crowds that wished to hear him. In 1807 he com- pleted a new church, which was the finest in Bal- timore. In 1815 he founded the charitable so- ciety of St. Patrick, and opened a free school for girls, the first of the kind in the city. The same year he introduced a body of Trappists into his parish, but they remained with him only a few years. He retired to St. Mary's college, Emmetts- burg, in failing health, but, on learning that Balti- more was likely to be attacked by an English fleet, he returned to his flock. During the yellow-fever epidemics of 1819 to 1821 in Baltimore he was constant in his attendance at the bed-side of the sick, even when he was attacked by the disease. His labors during these years impaired his health, and he was advised to return for a time to his na- tive country. He sailed from New York, 1 Oct., 1823, but was still further weakened by the storms to which his vessel was exposed on the passage, and he landed in France in a dving condition.

MORARD DE tIALLE, Justin Bonaventure (mo-rarr), French naval officer, b. in Gonselin, Dauphiny, 30 March, 1741 ; d. in Gueret, 23 July, 1809. He entered the navy in 1755, and served in Canada till 1763. During the whole of the war of American independence he was flag- captain of the Count de Grasse, and he served after- wai'd under Count de Guichen. He fought at the battles off Dominica. 17 April, and 15 and 19 May, 1780, and served in the fleet that under Count de Grasse blockaded Chesapeake bay in October, 1781, contributing to the surrender of Yorktown. He served afterward in Santo Domingo and Brazil, was commissioned rear - admiral in 1792, went again to the West Indies, and became vice-admiral in 1796. In 1799 he was created a senator, which post he held till his death.

MORAUD, Dieudonne Gabriel Charles Henry (mo-ro), Swiss missionary, b. in Soleure. Switzerland, about 1503 ; d. in Brazil in 1572. He was a Jesuit, was sent in 1536 to Bahia. where he learned the Indian dialects, and employed afterward in the missions of the Mamalucos or half- breeds. In 1550 he became assistant to Leonardo Nunes, the superior general, and founded missions in the province of Espiritu Santo. When Ville- gaignon attacked Rio Janeiro in 1558, he marched to the succor of the city with a body of loyal In- dians, and was afterward employed as negotiator between the Portuguese authorities and the French admiral. He was also instrumental in bringing about the treaty of Upabeba with the Tupinambis, allies of the French, who devastated the Portu- guese settlements, and became in 1567 visitor of the missions in south Brazil. He died from ex- haustion during a journey through the province of Espiritu Santo. He left in manuscript " De arte lingufe Tupionim, guaranorumque," which has since been published in the collection of the- " Bibliothec^a Scriptorum Societatis Jesu."

MORAZAN, Francisco (mo-rah-thahn'), Central American statesman, b. in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, in 1799; d. in San Jose, Costa Rica, 15 Sept., 1842. He was descended from a French West Indian family, received only a primary education from his uncle, the parish priest of Texiguat, and entered business : but when the independence of his country was declared in 1821, he began to take an active part in politics. The president of Honduras, Dionisio Herrera, appointed him secretary-general, and as such he assisted in the organization of the state, and was afterward elected member of the first representative council. When the troops that were sent by the government of Guatemala, usurping preponderance in Federal affairs, invaded Honduras in 1827, Morazan, at the head of the state troops, resisted them, but was taken prisoner in.