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32 near Buenos Ayres. He resigned the office of general-in-chief, 30 Jan., 1882. In 1857 his statue was erected in Santa Fe.

LOPEZ, Juan Francisco, Mexican clergyman, b. in Guarena de Caracas in April, 1699 ; d. in Italy in 1778. He was taken prisoner with his father by the English and brought to Jamaica. On his "release in 1710 he went to Vei'a Cruz, where he entered the Society of Jesus in 1715. He taught literature in S. Luis Potosi and Vera Cruz, philosophy in Zacatecas and Mexico, and theology in Merida de Yucatan. He was appointed pro- curator to Rome and Madrid, and instructed to ask the pope to place North America under the protection of the Blessed Virgin of Guadalupe. On his return to Mexico the governor made him rector of the colleges of Mexico and Puebla. He was forced to leave Mexico in 1767, after the decree of Charles III. suppressing the Jesuit order, and went to Italy. He wrote a great many works, including "Vida del P. Jose Maria Genovesi, Jesuita Sicilia- no, Misionero de Topia v Californias " (Mexico, 1758) ; " Supplex Libellus SS. Pap« Benedicto XIV. oblatus de miraculosa Dei Parentis imagine Mexi- cea Guadalupensi " (Rome, 1754) ; " Tabla Topo- grafica de todas las Casas regulares y seculares y Misiones de la Provincia Jesuitica de la Nueva Espaiia" (Rome); and ''Manual de Parrocos ajus- tado al Ritual Romano," which was reprinted in 1803, and the 4th Mexican council ordered it to be used by all priests. The life of Lopez was written by Juan Maneiro (Bologna, 1792).

LOPEZ, Martin, Spanish sailor. He lived in the 16th century, but, though his name is often cited in the history of the conquest of Mexico, there is no record of his birthplace or the dates of his birth and death. He was a carpenter by profession, made several voyages to Cuba, and ac- companied Francisco Hernandez de Cordova in 1517, Juan de Grijalva in 1518, and Cortes in 1519, to Mexico always as chief carpenter of the expedi- tion. After the defeat of Cortes in Mexico and his retreat to Tlascala in July, 1520, he formed a plan to attack Mexico by land and water, and Lopez offered to build proper vessels. He began to cut wood in the mountains of Tlascala, and the native chief Chichemecatecuhtli furnished men to carry the wood to the city. At the end of Decem- ber, 1520, the timbers for the vessels were finished. They were then carried, with the iron-work, rig- ging, and sails that had been saved from the ves- sels that were burned in Vera Cruz, to the borders of the Lake of Texcoco. On 28 April, 1521, twelve brigantines were launched amidst festivities in the Lake of Texcoco. These vessels rendered good service in the siege and final capture of the city, on 13 Aug., and Lopez was rewarded by the con- queror with great honors and riches. He after- ward resided in the city of Mexico, where he died.

LOPEZ, Narciso, Spanish-American soldier, b. in Coste Firme, Venezuela, in 1798 : d. in Havana, 1 Sept., 1851. He belonged to a rich family of mer- chants, and at the beginning of the war for inde- pendence in the colony took the popular side, but soon afterward entered the Spanish army, and at the close of the war was rewarded with the rank of colonel, although he was only twenty-one years old. The royal army having evacuated Venezuela, Lopez went to Cuba and afterward to Spain, where he served in the first Carlist war, and was called " the first lancer in the army." In 1836 he was made brigadier, and in 1839 m'ajor-general and appointed governor of Valencia. In 1841 Gen. Valdes was ap- pointed governor-general of Cuba, and took with him Lopez, who was intrusted with several impor- tant posts ; but when, in 1843, Gen. O'Donnell went to Cuba to succeed Valdes, Lopez was deprived of all his commands, and in consequence retired to pri- vate life, where he engaged in commercial pursuits and undertook the management of copper-mines. In 1848 the revolutionary party in the island won him to their cause, and he took part in a conspira- cy against the government, on the discovery of which he fled in 1849 to New York. There he or- ganized a military expedition for the invasion of Cuba, which was frustrated by proclamation of President Taylor in August, 1849. In the follow- ing year he organized another expedition, and landed in the town of Cardenas, 19 May. 1850, at the head of about 600 men. He took possession of the town, but was compelled to evacuate it after a few hours, and returned to New Orleans to prepare a new expedition, with which he landed, 12 Aug., 1851, near Bahia Honda, on the northern coast of the island, west of Havana. He left 130 men, vm- der Col. Crittenden, at the landing-place, and with 323 followers marched on Las Pozas. He was at- tacked on the following day by a body of 500 Spanish troops, which were afterward re-enforced by 800 under the command of Gen. Enna, and completely routed them with great loss. Gen. Enna being killed ; but on the 16th, dreading a fresh attack, he retreated to the interior. The country population did not answer to Lopez's appeal for a general rising, and after several skirmishes his fol- lowers scattered through the mountains. They were attacked by the Spaniards, and Lopez, having fallen into the hands of the enemy, was brought to Havana, tried for high treason, and executed by the garrote, while many of his soldiers were con- demned to hard labor. Some days before Col. Crittenden was captured at sea while trying to reach New Orleans, and was shot at Havana, to- gether with fifty of his companions. Lopez was the leader of the party in Cuba that favored an- nexation to the United States.

LOPEZ DE ZUNIGA Y YELASCO, Diego. Count of Nieva. viceroy of Peru, b. in Valladolid in 1510 ; d. in Lima. Peru, 20 Feb., 1564. He was appointed viceroy of Peru in 1561, taking charge of the government on 17 April. On 14 Dec. of the same year he ordered Gomez de Tordoya to ex- plore the river Tono, and on 24 Dec. commissioned Juan Nieto to conquer the territory of Camana. In 1562 he introduced several reforms in the capi- tal, and in the same year the city of Santiago del Estero (now in the Argentine Republic) was found- ed by his direction. In 1563 the audiencia of Quito was installed. Lopez founded the city of Sana, or Santiago de Miraflores, and Diego Pineda the town of Chancay, formerly called Arnedo, to which' the viceroy intended to remove the University of San Marcos for the pui'pose of separating the students from the noise of the capital. Toward the end of that year he commissioned Cristobal de Valverde to found a town, which was named San Geronimo de lea. Lopez also directed the division of the diocese of Chili from that of Peru. He organized and improved schools for the sons of Indian ca- ciques, favored the monasteries, founded parishes, and was the first to establish in Peru the ceremo- nial and customs of a viceregal court. During his term of office he ordered and finished the con- struction of an aqueduct to supply the city with potable water, passed laws for the improvement of his government, and sent to the royal treasury 651,000 ducats. He was murdered in the street of Trapitos in a feud caused bv a love-affair.

LOPEZ Y PLANES, Vicente, Argentine poet, b. in Buenos Ayres in 1784 ; d. there in 1856. He