Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/412

374 and he also took steps toward a treaty of peace and friendship with Spain.

MONTMAGNY, Charles Jacques Huault de, governor of Canada, d. in France about 1649. He was the second governor-general of Canada, and administered the affairs of that colony with great ability from 1636 till 1648. He defeated the Iro- quois, and concluded a lasting peace with them at Three Rivers in 1645. Other matters that signal- ized his administration were the beginning of the ruin of the Hurons, which was completed in the time of his successor, and the extension of the explorations of the Jesuits to the north and west far beyond the limits that had been reached be- fore. He was a man of great sagacity and piety.

MONTMORENCY, Henri, Duc de, governor of Canada, b. in Chantilly, France, 30 April, 1595: d. in Toulouse, 80 Oct., 1632. He was the fourth and last Duke de Montmorency, and was appointed by Louis XIII. an admiral of France and viceroy of Canada before he was seventeen years old. He succeeded his father as governor of Languedoc, fought against the Protestants, rendered distinguished services at the sieges of Montauban and Montpellier, and in 1625 conquered the islands of Re and Oleron. He served in Italy, took part in the rebellion of Gaston of Orleans, and, having been taken prisoner, was executed by order of Richelieu. His life was written by Simon Ducros, one of his officers (Paris. 1632).

MONTOUR, Catherine, a half-breed Indian, b. in Canada : d. in Chemung county, N. Y., about 1752. She is supposed to have been the daughter of Count de Frontenac, governor of New France. She was captured during the wars between the French, the Hurons, and the Six Nations, and was carried into the Seneca country, where she married a young chief, by whom she had several children. Her husband became known in the wars against the Catawbas. — Her granddaughter, Esther, a daughter of "French Margaret," was the wife of Eehobund, or Eghobund, chief of the village of Sheshequin, on the site of Ulster, Bradford co., Pa., which was built about 1765. It was for a number of years the seat of a Moravian mission, which in 1772 was removed farther west. After the place was abandoned by the Moravians and their converts, Eehobund, with the remnant of his tribe, moved four or five miles farther up the river and died. Esther's superior mind gave her a great ascendency over the Senecas, and she ruled as a sovereign among them, being known as "Queen Esther." On several occasions she accompanied the delegates of the Six Nations to Philadelphia, where her refined manners and attractive person secured her many courtesies from the ladies of that city. In spite of these qualities, she is chiefly remembered by the part she took in the Wyoming massacre in July, 1778, when, to avenge the death of her son, she tomahawked fourteen prisoners.

MONTOYA, Antonio Ruiz de (mon-toh'-yah), clergyman, b. in Lima, Peru, 18 June, 1585 ; d. there, 11 April, 1652. He became a Jesuit, was appointed rector of several colleges of the society in Peru, and as a missionaiy was very successful in converting the Indians of the province of Paraguayana. He visited Spain several years before his death. His works include " Tesoro de la lengua Gruarani " (Madrid, 1639) ; " Historia de la conquista espiri- tual de la provincia del Paraguay " (1639) ; " Arte y vocabulario de la lengua Guarani " (1640) ; and " Catecismo en la misma lengua" (1640).

MONTRUEIL, Desire Amahle Ferdinand (mong-truh'-ee), IPrench botanist, b. in Saulieu, Burgundy, in 1709 ; d. in St. Gratien, near Paris, in 1760. He was given in 1737 a mission to explore northern Canada, and in particular the territories around Hudson bay, and during six years collected many specimens of the Canadian flora, but while he was returning to France he was captured by the English and taken to London. He was released after the conclusion of peace in 1748, and vainly endeavored to recover his property, but the British authorities refused to surrender it, in spite of the protests of the Paris academy of science to the London royal society. Returning to this continent in 1750, he again explored northern Canada, and after forming a new collection visited the New England states, Philadelphia, and New- foundland during 1750-'4. In 1755 he was given a like mission to Santo Domingo, and passing after- ward to the continent, explored for two years the Guianas and Venezuela. He published "Voyage a, la bale d'Hudson " (Paris, 1749); "fitudes sur I'histoire naturelle du Canada ou Nouvelle France du Nord " (1754) ; " Expose du systeme vegetal de la vallee du Saint Laurent au Canada" (1755); " Histoire et description des plantes, medicinales propres a la Guiane " (1758) ; " and " Etudes sur la nature tropicale " (Paris, 1759).

MONTS, Pierre du Guast, Comte de, French colonist, b. in Saintonge, France, about 1560 ; d. in Paris in 1611. He belonged to an Italian Roman Catholic family, but, becoming a Protestant, at- tached himself to the fortunes of Henry IV., and was appointed by him to an important office in the royal household. He had made a voyage to St. Lawrence river, and in 1608 the king appointed him director of the Canadian company, to which he granted Acadia, a region that was defined as extending from the 40th to the 46th degree of north latitude. De Monts was made lieutenant- general, with viceregal powers, and, accompanied by Samuel Charaplain and others, he sailed from Havre. 7 March, 1604. He explored the Bay of Fundy, discovered Annapolis harbor, and ascended and named St. John river. He planted a colony on an islet at the mouth of the St. Croix river, and passed the winter there, but in the following Au- gust removed to Port Royal (now Annapolis), where he began a settlement. He soon afterward returned to France. On his arrival at court De Monts found his monopoly at an end, and, though he failed to receive indemnification for what he had expended, he despatched, in March, 1606, a vessel to relieve the colony in Canada. He also sent Champlain and Pontgrave, in 1607, on a new voyage to the St. Lawrence, and other vessels in 1608, by the aid of which Quebec was founded. After the death of Henry IV., in 1610, De Monts was regarded with disfavor at court.

MONTT, Manuel, Chilian statesman, b. in Pe- torca, 5 Sept., 1809 ; d. in Santiago in March, 1881. He was graduated at the National institute of San- tiago, and soon rose to its rectorship, introducing many useful reforms. There he attracted the attention of the vice-president and chief minister, Portales, who appointed him in 1836 assistant secretary of state, and when that statesman perished in the mutiny of Quillota. 6 June, 1887, Montt took energetic measures to suppress the revolt. Next year he was chosen judge of the supreme court, and in 1839 he was elected deputy to con- gress and president of that body, but was soon ap- pointed secretary of the interior and foreign rela- tions, and in March, 1840, became secretary of justice and public instruction. He was subse- quently twice secretary of state, introduced many useful reforms, and organized in 1843 the Univer- sity of (Jhili. In 1848 he was again elected to con-