Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/401

Rh the army at the evacuation of Boston, assisted Lord Dunmore and his family to escape from the Virginian patriots, and took part in the capture of New York city, where his vessel, the "Fowey." was stationed by Lord Howe as the advanced ship. He was promoted to a flag in 1794. and became full admiral in 1801, and later was knighted.

'''MONTAGUE. Robert L.''', statesman, b. in Middlesex county, Va., 23 May, 1819; d. 4 March, 1880. He received his education at William and Mary, where in 1842 he took the degree of LL. B. He began the practice of law in Middlesex county in 1844, was repeatedly a member of the Virginia legislature, thrice a presidential elector, lieutenant-governor of the state for four years, and a member of the Virginia secession convention, and president at its last session. He served in the Confederate congress from 1863 until it ceased to exist. In 1873 he was elected judge of the eighth judicial circuit, and for several years he was president of the General Baptist association of Virginia.

MONTAGUE, William Lewis, educator, b. in Belchertown, Mass., 6 April, 1831. He was graduated at Amherst in 1855, studied theology, and was licensed to preach in 1860. He travelled in Europe for two years, and since 1862 has been professor of modern languages in Amherst. His publications include "Comparative Grammar of the Spanish Language" (Boston, 1873); "Manual of Italian Grammar" (1874); "Introduction to Italian Literature" (1875; 2d ed., 1879); and several historical and biographical papers.

MONTAIGNE DE NOGARET, Charles Stanislas (mon-tang), West Indian naturalist, b. in St. Croix, W. I., in 1667 ; d. in Paris in 1742. His mother took him in 1672 to Paris, where he received his education in the College Louis le Grand. In 1689, having obtained a pension in consideration of the services of his ancestors, he resolved to devote his life to science. He was assistant demonstrator in the laboratory of the Academy of sciences when he was sent in 1701 to explore the West Indies and Guiana, and to study the mineralogy and botany of those countries. Sailing from Brest in May, 1703, he visited successively the greater part of the West Indian islands, and, passing to the continent, explored the Guianas till 1717, remaining altogether fourteen years in America. He formed a collection of minerals and plants, the greater part of which he lost in a shipwreck on his return to France, but he saved his papers and drawings. He published •' Etudes sur la mineralogie des Antilles" (Paris, 1720); "Geodesic de I'ile de Saint Croix" (1721); "Plan de mineralogie de la Guiane" (1724); "Études sur les gisements mineralogiques des Antilles" (1730); "Herbier de la flore des Antilles explique " (1733) ; and " Description des couches mineralogiques de I'ile de Saint Domingue" (1735).

MONTALVOY AMBULODI, Francisco (mon-tal'-vo), Spanish soldier, b. in Havana, Cuba, in 1754; d. in Madrid in 1832. He entered the army in Spain in his youth, served in South America and Santo Domingo, and was promoted rapidly. In 1795 he was made brigadier, and in May, 1813, appointed captain-general of New Granada, then in open revolt against the Spanish rule. During Montalvo's short administration the condition of the natives began to improve. In 1815 he was made lieutenant-general, but in 1816, after Morillo's arrival in Bogota, he was superseded and returned to Spain, where he was a member of the council of state to the end of his life.

MONTAUBAND (mon-to-bong), buccaneer, b. about 1650; d. in Bordeaux in 1700. The place

of his birth is unknown. He appeared as a pirate in the West Indies about 1675, and for twenty years was the terror of the Spaniards in Africa and America. He established his headquarters in the island of Tortuga, which at that time was the rendezvous of all the buccaneers. Montauband frequently ravaged the coasts of New Spain, Carthagena, Florida, and North America, as far as Newfoundland. In 1694 he escorted to France a great number of prizes that he had taken in the West Indies, but the excesses that were committed by his crew at Bordeaux forced him to abandon that port in January, 1695, and he cruised for some time on the coast of Guinea, capturing many ships from the Dutch and English. After nearly losing his life by the explosion of a powder-magazine he returned to Tortuga, but resolved to abandon his mode of life, and returned to Bordeaux, where he died. He wrote &ldquo;Relation du voyage du sieur de Montauband, capitaine de flibustiers sur les côtes de l'Amérique du Sud et de Guinée dans les années de 1694 et 1695,&rdquo; which is printed in the collection of Las Casas (Amsterdam, 1698). This is considered unauthentic by some authorities.

MONTBARS (mom-barr), surnamed the &ldquo;Exterminator,&rdquo; buccaneer, b. in Languedoc, France, about 1645. Nothing is known of his death. He belonged to a wealthy family, and in his youth received a good education, but embarked with his uncle, a captain in the royal navy of France, when the war against Spain began in 1667, and sailed to the West Indies. Near Santo Domingo their ship went down, together with two Spanish vessels which they were fighting, and the death of his uncle augmented his hatred of the Spaniards. He joined the buccaneers of Tortugas, and soon was one of their chiefs. With his companions he attacked the coasts of Mexico, Honduras, the Spanish main, Cuba, and Porto Rico, taking forts and destroying cities, and never giving quarter, although he did not murder defenceless persons in cold blood like other buccaneers. He set fire to Porto Cabello, San Pedro, Gibraltar, Maracaibo, and other important cities, whose commerce he wholly destroyed. He was probably lost at sea during one of his expeditions. He is the hero of several dramas and of a romance entitled &ldquo;Montbars, l'Exterminateur; ou le dernier des flibustiers&rdquo; (Paris, 1807). See also Alexander O. Œmelin's &ldquo;Histoire des aventuriers ou flibustiers&rdquo; (Lyons, 1775).

MONTCALM GOZON DE SAINT VÉRAN, Louis Joseph, Marquis de, b. in the chateau of Candiac, near Nimes, France, 29 Feb., 1712; d. in Quebec, Canada, 14 Sept., 1759. He was educated by one Dumas, a natural son of his grandfather, who taught him Greek, Latin, and mathematics, till at fifteen he entered the army as ensign in the regiment of Hainaut. In 1743 he was made colonel of the regiment of Auxerrois. Three years later, while rallying his soldiers in the battle under the walls of Piacenza, he received five sabre-cuts, and was made prisoner. He was soon afterward exchanged, promoted to the rank of brigadier, and again severely