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362 Force, hourly expecting to be executed. On the accession of her husband to the presidency, Mrs. Monroe became the mistress of the White House ; but she mingled little in society on account of her del- icate health. She is described by a con- temporary writ- er as "an elegant and accomplished woman, with a dignity of manner that peculiarly fit- ted her for the sta- tion." The accom- panyingvignette is copied from the only portrait that was ever made of Mrs. Monroe, which was exe- cuted in Paris in p 1796.— His nephew, James, soldier, Albemarle county, Va., 10 Sept., 1799; d. in Orange, N. J., 7 Sept., 1870, was a son of the president's elder brother, An- drew. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1815, assigned to the artillery corps, and served in the war with Algiers, in which he was wounded while directing part of the quar- ter-deck guns of the " Guerriere " in an action with the "Mashouda" off Cape de Gata, Spain. He was aide to Gen. Winfield Scott in 1817-'22, became 1st lieutenant of the 4th artillery on the reorganization of the army in 1821, and served on garrison and commissary duty till 1832, when he was again appointed Gen. Scott's aide on the Black Hawk expedition, but did not reach the seat of war, owing to illness. He resigned his commission on 30 Sept., 1832, and entered politics, becoming an alderman of New York city in 1833, and presi- dent of the board in 1834. In 1836 he declined the appointment of aide to Gov. William L. Marcy. He was in congress in 1839-'41, and was chosen again in 1846, but his seat was contested, and congress ordered a new election, at which he refused to be a candidate. During the Mexican war he was active in urging the retention in command of Gen. Scott. In 18o0-'2 he was in the New York legislature, and in 1852 was an earnest supporter of his old chief for the presidency. After the death of his wife in that year he retired from politics, and spent much of his time at the Union club, of which he was one of the earliest members. Just before the civil war he visited Richmond, and, by public speeches and private effort, tried to prevent the se- cession of Virginia, and in the struggle that fol- lowed he remained a firm supporter of the National government. He much resembled his uncle in per- sonal appearance.

MONROE, Samuel Yorke, clergyman, b. in Mount Holly, N. J., 1 July, 1816 ; d. near Jersey City, N. J., 9 Feb., 1867. After receiving an Eng- lish education, he united with the Methodist church, became a local preacher, and in 1843 entered the itinerancy. During the next twenty years he was stationed at various points in New Jersey, serving as presiding elder of Bridgeton district in 1856, and of Camden district in 1864, From 1865 till his death he was corresponding secretary of the newly organized Church extension society, .which he raised to a high standard of efficiency. He was an active member of the general conferences of 1856, 1860, and 1864, and at the last received a large vote for bishop. He was killed by falling from a railway-train.

MONROY, Antonio (mon-roy'), Mexican cler- gyman, b. in Queretaro in 1634; d. in Santiago de Galicia, Spain, in 1715. He studied at the Colegio de Cristo, was graduated in philosophy in 1652, and entered the Dominican order in 1654. He re- ceived the degree of doctor of theology from the Mexican academy, where he became professor of philosophy and theology. He went to Rome on business of his province after serving the rectory of the College of Portaceli and the priory of the principal convent of his order in Mexico. While he was at the court of Innocence XL, Rocaberti, the general of the Dominican order, was appointed archbishop of Valencia in 1677, and Monroy, by recommendation of the pope, was elected his suc- cessor, which place he held for nine years. In 1681 he was presented with the bishopric of Mi- choacan, which he declined, but in 1685 the king made him archbishop of Santiago de Galicia. He held this place for thirty years and founded many charitable institutions. King Charles II. made him his chaplain, a grandee of Spain, and a mem- ber of the privy council. Monroy was the only Mexican that has been general of the Dominican order. He wrote " Ijaudatio funebris ad regias Fhilipi IV. Magni Hispan. Regis et Indiar. Impe- ratoris Exequias " (Mexico, 1667) and many other works on European ecclesiastical affairs.

MONSERRAT, Joaquin de (mon - ser - rat'), Marquis of Cruillas, Viceroy of Mexico, b. about 1710 ; d. about 1770. He entered the city of Mexi- co, 6 Oct., 1760, and his administration is note- worthy principally for the creation of the army of New Spain and the visit of Jose de Galvez {q. v). In consequence of the war between France and England, Spain sent forces to America as a pre- cautionary measure, but, when the Spanish au- thorities on this continent received orders to pro- vide the French colonies with provisions, war was declared by England in January, 1762, and Sir George Keppel q. v.) took possession of Havana. When the viceroy learned that the English had at- tacked Cuba, he fortified Vera Cruz and other Gulf ports, and, as he had only one Spanish regi- ment of infantry and one troop of cavalry, he at once began to organize the militia, forming and drilling six regiments of infantry and three of cavalry. On 25 Aug., 1765, Jose de Galvez arrived in Mexico as an inspector with independent power, and began to arrange affairs without consulting the viceroy. The Indians revolted in different parts of the country, and the disagreement between the viceroy, the visitor Galvez, the audiencia, and the inspector of militia, Juan de Villalba, con- tributed to diminish respect for the Spanish au- thorities. There is no doubt that Monserrat, by showing the people by the organization of militia what power they possessed, and by the disorgan- ization of the viceregal authority through his dis- putes, was one of the chief causes of independence. At last the court resolved to supersede him, and he returned to Spain in 1766 to justify himself ; but he did not figure again in politics, and soon died.

MONTAGU, George, British naval officer, b. 12 Dec, 1750 ; d. 23 Dec, 1829. His father, John, was an admiral in the British navy. The son was educated at the Royal naval academy, and attained the rank of post-captain in 1773. At the beginning of the war of American independence he was employed in blockading the ports of Marblehead and Salem, Mass. He covered the embarkation of