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Rh Fork, 1858) ; " Life of Rev. Devereux Jarratt, by Himself, abridged by Bishop Meade " (Washing- ton, 1840) : " Companion to the Font and the Pulpit" (1846) ; " Lectures on the Pastoral Office" (New York, 1849) ; " Reasons for loving the Epis- copal Church " (Philadelphia, 1852 ; New York, 1858); "Old Churches. Ministers, and Families of Virginia " (2 vols., Philadelphia, 1857) ; and " The Bible and the Classics" (New York, 1861). See "Memorial of Bishop Meade" (Baltimore, 1857), by Rev. John Johns, I). D. — Another son, Richard Kidder, politician, b. in Frederick county, Va., about 1795; d. in Virginia, 20 April, 1862, was well educated, studied law, was admitted to the bar, and began practice in Petersburg. He was elected to congress as a Democrat, serving from 6 Dec, 1847, till 3 March, 1853, and in the latter year declined the appointment of charge d'affaires in Sardinia. He was afterward appointed minister to Brazil, and held this office from 27 July, 1857, till 9 July, 1861, when he returned to Virginia and supported the Confederacy.

MEAGHER, Thomas Francis (marr), soldier, b. in Waterford, Ireland, 3 Aug., 1823; d. near Fort Benton, Montana, 1 July, 1867. His father, a merchant, who had made a fortune in the Newfoundland trade, represented Waterford in parliament for several years. At the age of nine Thomas Francis was sent to the Jesuit college of Clongowes Wood, County Kildare, where he remained six years, and then entered Stonyhurst college, near Preston, England. In 1843 he left that institution, and soon afterward made his appearance as a public speaker at the great national meeting at Kilkenny, over which Daniel O'Connell presided. From that time he was devoted to the cause of Ireland, and in 1846 became one of the leaders of the Young Ireland party, whose object was to obtain Irish independence by force of arms. In 1848 he was sent to Paris with an address to the provisional government of France from the Irish confederation, and on his return he presented the citizens of Waterford with an Irish tricolor, upon which occasion he made a fiery patriotic speech. On 21 March he was arrested on the charge of sedition, and was bailed to appear at the court of queen's bench. After the passage of the treason-felony act Meagher was arrested again, and in October, 1848, was convicted of treason and sentenced to death. The sentence was afterward commuted to banishment for life, and on 9 July, 1849, he was transported to Van Diemen's Land, but he escaped in 1852 and took refuge in the United States. In 1855 he had begun the study of the law, and he was subsequently admitted to the bar, but at the beginning of the civil war he at once abandoned his profession, and, organizing a company of zouaves for the National army, he joined the 69th New York volunteers, under Col. Michael Corcoran, and served during the first campaign in Virginia. At the first battle of Bull Run, where he was acting major of his regiment, a horse was shot under him. Upon the expiration of his three months' term of service he returned to New York, and in the latter part of 1861 organized the &ldquo;Irish brigade,&rdquo; being elected colonel of the first regiment. He was afterward assigned to command the brigade, his commission as brigadier-general bearing the date of 3 Feb., 1862. Gen. Meagher and his command fought bravely during the seven days' battles around Richmond, Va., and at the second battle of Bull Run, Fredericksburg, and Antietam, where again a horse was shot under him. At Fredericksburg he was wounded in the leg. After Chancellorsville his brigade was so decimated that he resigned, and

was out of the war until early in 1864, when he was recommissioned brigadier-general of volunteers and assigned to the command of the district of Etowah. In January, 1865, he was relieved from duty in Tennessee, and ordered to report to Gen. Sherman in Savannah, but the close of the war prevented his performing any further active service. After being mustered out of the service in 1865, Gen. Meagher became secretary of Montana territory, and in the following September, Gov. Sydney Edgerton, being on the point of leaving the territory for a few months, appointed Gen. Meagher governor pro tempore. The hostile attitude of the Indians compelled him to take measures to protect the white settlers. While engaged in this duty he fell into the Missouri, from the deck of a steamboat, and was drowned. He was the author of &ldquo;Speeches on the Legislative Independence of Ireland&rdquo; (New York, 1852), of which six editions were issued.

MEANS, Alexander, clergyman, b. in States- ville, N. C, 6 Feb., 1801 ; d. in Oxford, Ga., 5 June, 1883. He was educated at the academy in States- ville, but removed to Georgia about 1822, and, after teaching for four years, attended medical lectures at Transylvania university. In 1826 he began the practice of medicine in Covington, Ga., and in 1828 was licensed to preach by the Methodist Episcopal church. He was called to the charge of a manual- labor school near Covington in 1834, and on the organization of Emory college, at Oxford, in 1838, he was chosen professor of physical sciences, which chair he held for eighteen years. In 1840 he was appointed professor of chemistry and pharmacy in the Medical college of Georgia, at Augusta, deliver- ing the regular course of lectures there during the winter months in addition to his duties at Emory. He was made president of the Masonic female col- lege in 1853, and in 1854 called to the presidency of Emory, but in 1855 resigned to accept the professorship of chemistry in Atlanta medical col- lege, which he held for twelve years, including the period of the civil war. He was a member of the Georgia state convention in 1861, and opposed the ordinance of secession, but on the passage of that act promptly identified himself with the south. After the civil war he became state chemist of Georgia at Savannah, and resumed his relations with Emory college as professor of natural philoso- phy. He received the degree of M. D. from the Medical college of Augusta in 1841, that of D. D. in 1854, and that of LL. D. in 1858 from Emory. His publications include papers on chemistry in the "Medical and Surgical Journal " and other south- ern monthly periodicals.

MEANS, John Hugh, governor of South Carolina, b. in Fairfield district, S. C, 18 Aug., 1812 ; d. in Manassas, Va., 28 Aug., 1862. His father, Thomas, was a native of Boston, Mass. The son was graduated at South Carolina college in 1832, after which he engaged in planting. His advocacy of state sovereignty brought him into notice, and he served in the legislature during the agitation regarding state rights. Pie was elected governor of South Carolina in 1850 and served one term, the constitution of the state forbidding re-election. During his administration he made many speeches favoring secession, and gave much attention to the state militia. He was president of the convention of 1852 which passed a resolution that affirmed the right of the state to dissolve at once all political connection with her co-states and that she forbear the exercise of this manifest right of self-government from considerations of expediency only. He then retired to private life, but was a delegate to