Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/270

234 to congress, and served from 5 Dec, 1835, till 3 March, 1827. At the end of his term he established himself in practice in Baltimore. In 1845 he was appointed chief judge of the western judicial dis- trict, and served till 1851, exercising also the office, which the law then devolved upon the chief district judges, of a judge of appeals. Prom 1859 till 1867 he was judge of the superior court of Baltimore, and then till his death a professor in the law-school of the University of Maryland at Baltimore.

MARTIN, Thomas Mower, Canadian artist, b. in London, England, 5 Oct., 1838. He was edu- cated at the military college of Enfield and in the South Kensington art galleries, and in 1862 came to Toronto, Canada, where he was the first artist that was able to live by his profession. He was one of the founders of the Ontario art union, the Ontario society of artists, and the Royal Canadian academy, was president of the first society of artists in Canada, and in 1877 became director of the Ontario school of art, which he had established. He removed to New York in 1884, and has con- tributed to the exhibitions of the American water- color society and the National academy of design. Mr. Martin has invented a stretching-frame for canvas or paper. Among his works are " The Un- touched Wilderness," painted for the queen of England in 1882, and now in Windsor castle ; " A Summer Idyl " and " Whiskey Ring," exhibited at the Centennial in Philadelphia in 1876 ; and " Sun- rise, Muskoka," and " Canadian Game," both of which were shown at the colonial and Indian ex- hibition in London in 1886.

MARTIN, William Alexander Parsons, missionary, b. in Livonia, Ind., 10 April, 1827. He was graduated at Indiana state university in 1846, studied theology at the Presbyterian seminary. New Albany, Ind., since removed to Chicago, and in 1850 went to Ning-po, China, where he was engaged for ten years in missionary labor. He acted as interpreter for William B. Reed, the U. S. minister, in negotiating the treaty of 1858 with China, and in 1859 accompanied his successor, John E. Ward, to Peking and to Yeddo, Japan. From 1863 till 1868 he was a missionary at Peking, and in 1869 became president of the Tong Weng college in that city and professor of international law. He was the first foreigner to make the journey from Peking to Shanghai on the grand canal, and described the trip in the " Journal of the Asiatic Society " (1866). He acted as an adviser of Chinese officials on questions of international law when dis- putes have arisen with European powers, notably during the conflict with France in 1884-'5. In 1885 he was made a mandarin of the third class. He received the degree of D. D. from Lafayette college in 1860, and that of LL. D. from the Uni- versity of the city of New York in 1870. Dr. Martin edited the Peking " Scientific Magazine," printed in Chinese, from 1875 till 1878, and has published in the Chinese language " Evidences of Christianity " (1855 ; 10th ed., 1885), which was translated into Japanese and obtained a large cir- culation in Japan; "The Three Principles "(1856); " Religious Allegories " (1857) ; a translation of Henry Wheaton's " Elements of International Law " (1863) ; an educational treatise on " Natural Phi- losophy " (1866) ; translations of Theodore D. Woolsey's " Introduction to the Study of Interna- tional Law " (1875) ; the " Guide Diplomatique " of - Georg P. von Martens, and " Das moderne Volker- reeht," by Johann K. Bluntschli (1879) ; and a work on " Mathematical Physics " (1885). He has contributed to American and English reviews and to the transactions of learned societies, and pub- lished in English " The Chinese : their Education, Philosophv, and Letters " (Shanghai and London, 1880 ; nevv ed.. New York, 1881).

MARTIN, William Dobbin, jurist, b. in Mar- tintown, Edgefield district, S. C, 20 Oct., 1789; d. in Charleston, S. C, 16 Nov., 1833. He received a classical education, studied law with Edmund Ba- con in Edgefield and at the Litchfield law-school, was admitted to the bar in 1811, and practised in Edgefield till 1813, when he removed to Coosa- whatchie. He and his friend James L. Pettigru divided all the leading eases in lower Carolina, ex- cept in Charleston, and were accustomed to ex- amine their cases together out of court, and reduce the argument to the actual point in dispute. He was elected to the state house of representatives in 1816, and was chosen chairman of the judiciary committee in 1818. The same year he was elected clerk of the senate, and held that office till 1826, when he was chosen a representative in congress as a state rights Democrat, and took his seat on 3 Dec, 1827. He was re-elected without opposition, and on its expiration was chosen a circuit judge, and removed to Columbia.

MARTINAYS, Edouard Simon (mar-tee-nay), Flemish author, b. in Bruges in 1739 ; d. in Mech- lin in 1796. He began life as a clerk in a mercan- tile house, and in 1761 was sent to Buenos Ayres to establish an agency. Having acquired a large for- tune, he began to travel in 1779 through South America, and, returning to Europe in 1784, fixed his residence in Mechlin. He devoted the remain- der of his life to literature and published guides for the use of European merchants trading with South America. Among his works are " Histoire des etats limitrophes du Rio de la Plata, etudies au point de vue commercial et des ressources qu'ils offrent aux marchands Europeens " (2 vols., Brus- sels, 1789), and " L'Amerique du Sud, etudiee au point de vue de debouche du commerce des pays soumis a la domination de la maison d'Autriche " (Mechlin, 1791).

MARTINDALE, Henry Clinton, member of congress, b. in Berkshire county, Mass., 6 May, 1780 ; d. in Sandy Hill, Washington co.. N. Y., 22 April, 1860. He was graduated at Williams in 1800, studied law, and established himself in prac- tice at Sandy Hill. After filling various local of- fices, he was elected to congress as a Whig, and re- elected for the three succeeding terms, serving from 1 Dec. 1823. till 3 March, 1831. After an interval of one term he was returned for the fifth time, and served from 2 Dec, 1833, till 3 March, 1835.— His son, Jolin Henry, soldier, b. at Sandv Hill, N. Y., 20 March, 1815 ; d. in Nice. France, 13 Dec, 1881, was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1835, and attached to the 1st dragoons, but re- signed on 10 March, 1836, and, after a brief em- ployment as engineer in the construction of a rail- road, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1838, and began practice in Batavia, N. Y. He held the office of district attorney of Genesee county by ap- pointment of the court in 1842-'5, and in 1847-51 by election under the new constitution of 1846. In the spring of 1851 he removed to Rochester, N. Y., and there followed his profession until the civil war. On 9 Aug., 1861, he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers. He won credit by the skilful handling of his brigade during the peninsular campaign. At Hanover Court-House, with about 1,000 men, he bore the attack of 4,000 until Gen. Fitz-John Porter came up, and thus enabled the National forces to achieve a complete victory. His brigade was prominently engaged at Gaines's Mills and at Malvern Hill. In the retreat