Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 4).djvu/254

220 Savannah, owning both teams and slaves. Marshall is mentioned in Frederika Bremer's "Homes of the New World " (London, 1853).

MARSHALL, Charles Henry, merchant, b. in Easton, Washington co., N. Y., 8 April, 1792; d. in New York city, 23 Sept., 1865. His ancestors were natives of Nantucket, where they were fol- lowers of the sea, and his father removed thence to the Saratoga patent in 1785. The son was born in a log cabin on his father's farm, and received a lim- ited education. He followed the sea. and became a proprietor and master in the " Old line " of pack- ets between New York and Liverpool. In 1834 he left the sea, having crossed the Atlantic ninety- four times, and was the principal manager of the " Old line " for thirty years, during which time he was closely identified with the commercial inter- ests of this country. He superintended the build- ing of new vessels, one of which, the " United States," of 2,000 tons, was after a few voyages pur- chased by the Prussian government. Capt. Mar- shall was a commissioner of emigration in 1851-'5, president of the Marine society, a trustee of the Sailors' snug harbor, was interested in other simi- lar institutions. From 1845 till his death he was one of the board of pilot commissioners. He was an active member of the Union defence committee organized at a meeting in Union square. New York, 20 April, 1861, for co-operation with the U. S. government, and was third president of the Union league club of New York, holding this post at the time of his death.

MARSHALL, Christopher, patriot, b. in Dub- lin, Ireland, 6 Nov., 1709 ; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 4 May, 1797. He received a classical education in England and came to this country without the per- mission of his parents, in consequence of which he was disowned. He settled in Philadel[)hia and be- came a chemist and pharmacist. His firm fur- nished most of the drugs and medicines to the troops of the " Jerseys, Pennsylvanias, and Dela- wares." His attachment to the American cause brought him into many posts of honor during the Revolution, and he was on confidential terms with the chief members of the Continental congress and the new government of Pennsylvania. He was disowned by the Society of Friends for the active part that he took on the patriot side. On 17 March, 1775, he was elected one of the twelve managers of a company " set on foot for making woollens, linens, and cotton," the election being held at Carpenter's hall. He was a member of the committee that met at the state-house, 25 April. 1775, to consider the measures to be pursued in the " critical affairs of America," and of the com- mittee of safety from its first formation until the close of the war. His '• Remembrancer " is one of the most valuable diaries that was kept during the Revolution. The manuscript was presented to the Pennsylvania historical society by his great- great-grandson, Charles Marshall, of Germantown, edited by William Duane and published (Philadel- phia, 1839). — His son, Charles, pharmacist, b. in Philadelphia, 8 May, 1744 ; d. there, 22 Aug., 1825, received a classical education, entered into partner- ship with his father and elder brother, Christo- pher, and on their retirement from the business became sole proprietor. Early in the 19th cen- tury he retired from active business. When the University of Pennsylvania assumed to issue di- plomas to practitioners of pharmacy and to pre- scribe the conditions of the grant, the pharmaceut- ists of Philadelphia felt it to be an infraction of their rights, and established in 1824 a college of pharmacy, of which Mr. Marshall, then one of the most noted men in pharmacy in America, was chosen first president.

MARSHALL, Edward Chauncey, author, b. in Little Falls, Herkimer co., N. Y., 8 July, 1824. His ancestor, Thomas, from whom Marshall street in Boston was named, settled in that city in 1634. Edward was graduated at Geneva (now Hobart) college in 1843, and while a student there invented the arctic rubber overshoe. He also invented the register of fares with a dial-plate which is now in use on several street-car lines. From 1845 till 1847 he was tutor of mathematics in Geneva and of mathematics under Prof. Charles Davies at West Point. From 1848 till 1852 he was a tutor in the New York free academy, and in 1852-'5 a professor in the Episcopal high-school, Alexandria, Va. In 1871 he held an office in the New York custom- house. From 1875 till 1885 he was connected with the New York " Star " and the " Evening Tele- gram," and he is now (1888) the financial agent of the American protective tariff league. He is the author of "Book of Oratory" (New York, 1852); " History of the U. S. Naval Academy " (1862) ; " Ancestry of Gen. Grant " (1869) ; and a pamphlet, " Are the West Point Graduates Loyal ? " the sta- tistics of which were quoted in congress and aided in preventing the military academy from being closed at this time by its enemies (New York, 1862). — His brother. Elislia Gaylord, soldier, b. in Seneca Falls, N. Y., 26 Jan., 1829 ; d. in Canan- daigua, N. Y., 3 Aug., 1883, was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1850, assigned to the 6th infantry, and served on frontier duty and in the Utah expedition of 1858. He was promoted captain on 14 May, 1861, and on 20 April, 1862, became colonel of the 13th New York regiment. He was engaged in the various campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, being severely wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., and receiving the brevet of lieutenant-colonel, 13 Dec, 1862. He was on sick leave of absence from that date until 23 May, 1863, when he was mustered out of the volunteer service and appointed mustering and disbursing oflRcer at Rochester, N. Y. In May, 1864, he engaged in the Richmond campaign, commanding a brigade in the Army of the Potomac, and was wounded at Petersburg, 17 June, 1864. He was one of the leaders in the assault after the mine explosion, and was captured after holding the crater during most of the day. He was a prisoner in Columbus, Ga., from 30 July, 1864, till April, 1865, and from May till July of that year commanded a brigade. He was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers and brigadier-general, U. S. army, for gallant and meri- torious services, 13 March, 1865, mustered out of the volunteer service on 16 Aug., and on 12 June became major of the 5th infantry. He was retired as colonel on 11 Sept., 1867.

MARSHALL, Humphrey, botanist, b. in West Bradford (now Marshallton), Pa., 10 Oct., 1722; d. there, 5 Nov., 1801. He received the rudiments of an English education, and was apprenticed to the business of a stone-mason, which trade he subsequently followed. Soon after his marriage in 1748 he took charge of his father's farm, and about that time began to devote his attention to astronomy and natural history, building a small observatory in one corner of his residence. Meanwhile, through his correspondence with his cousin, John Bartram (q. v.), his taste for horticulture and botany was fostered and developed. He procured books and began the collection and culture of the more curious and interesting indigenous plants. A large number of ornamental trees and shrubs in the vicinity of his house long remained to show his